Vue 2.0 起步 (4-2) 轻量级后端 Flask 用户认证 - 微信公众号 RSS

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原文链接: www.jianshu.com

上一篇:Vue 2.0 起步(4) 轻量级后端Flask用户认证 - 微信公众号RSS
上一篇采用了Flask-JWT token验证。由于网站新的需要,除了token,现在要加上session管理,跟Flask-Security比较之后,决定创建第4篇的第二版:Flask-Security同时管理token和session

技术准备

Flask-Security 如何Session CSRF和REST Token兼得

步骤:

  1. 后端Flask app更新
  2. 前端vue.js ajax更新

1. 后端Flask app更新

app初始化时,引入Flask-Security,绑定数据库里的User/Role

/app/_init_.py (隐藏了无关代码)

from flask_security import Security, SQLAlchemyUserDatastore, current_user, \
    UserMixin, RoleMixin, login_required, auth_token_required, http_auth_required
from flask_security.utils import encrypt_password

db = SQLAlchemy()

# models引用必须在 db/login_manager之后,不然会循环引用
from .models import User, Role

user_datastore = SQLAlchemyUserDatastore(db, User, Role)
security = Security(datastore=user_datastore)

def create_app(config_name):
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(config[config_name])
    config[config_name].init_app(app)

    db.init_app(app)
    security.init_app(app)

    return app

Flask-Security相关配置

/config.py (部分)

class Config:
    SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'hard to guess xxxx'
    # 允许追踪 login activities
    SECURITY_TRACKABLE = True
    # 密码加密存储
    SECURITY_PASSWORD_HASH = 'pbkdf2_sha512'
    SECURITY_PASSWORD_SALT = 'super-xxxx'
    # 允许注册 register,暂不需要邮件确认
    SECURITY_REGISTERABLE = True
    SECURITY_SEND_REGISTER_EMAIL = False

针对SECURITY_TRACKABLE,我们的Model也需要增加字段

/app/models.py

roles_users表:多对多关系的联结表,一个User有多个Role,一个Role有多个User

roles_users = db.Table('roles_users',
        db.Column('user_id', db.Integer(), db.ForeignKey('users.id')),
        db.Column('role_id', db.Integer(), db.ForeignKey('roles.id')))

Role表:保存各个角色,如superuser, admin, author, editor, user

class Role(db.Model, RoleMixin):
    __tablename__ = 'roles'    
    id = db.Column(db.Integer(), primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True)
    description = db.Column(db.String(255))

User表:添加last_login_at, current_login_at, last_login_ip, current_login_ip, login_count字段,Flask-Security会自动追踪用户登录

class User(UserMixin, db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(255), unique=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True, index=True)
    password = db.Column(db.String(255))
    active = db.Column(db.Boolean())
    confirmed_at = db.Column(db.DateTime())
    last_login_at = db.Column(db.DateTime())
    current_login_at = db.Column(db.DateTime())
    last_login_ip = db.Column(db.String(63))
    current_login_ip = db.Column(db.String(63))
    login_count = db.Column(db.Integer)
    roles = db.relationship('Role', secondary=roles_users,
                            backref=db.backref('users'))#, lazy='dynamic'))
    member_since = db.Column(db.DateTime(), default=datetime.utcnow)
    mps = db.relationship('Subscription',
                               foreign_keys=[Subscription.subscriber_id],
                               backref=db.backref('subscriber', lazy='joined'),
                               lazy='dynamic',
                               cascade='all, delete-orphan')

注意:数据模型变动之后,需要用Flask-migration更新一下数据库。
可以在管理命令行加入这些常用命令:

/manage.py
执行python manage.py deploy --> 初始化/升级数据模型
执行python manage.py dropall --> 删除数据库里所有表
执行python manage.py initrole --> 创建Roles和admin用户,赋于superuser角色

@manager.command
def deploy():
    """Run deployment tasks."""
    from flask_migrate import init, migrate, upgrade
    # migrate database to latest revision
    try: init()
    except: pass
    migrate()
    upgrade()

@manager.command
def dropall():
    db.drop_all()
    print "all tables dropped! remember to delete directory: migrations"

@manager.command
def initrole():
    db.session.add(Role(name="superuser"))
    db.session.add(Role(name="admin"))
    db.session.add(Role(name="editor"))
    db.session.add(Role(name="author"))
    db.session.add(Role(name="user"))
    pwd = os.getenv('FLASK_ADMIN_PWD') or raw_input("Pls input Flask admin pwd:")
    db.session.add(User(email="admin", password=encrypt_password(pwd), active=True))
    ins=roles_users.insert().values(user_id="1", role_id="1")
    db.session.execute(ins)
    db.session.commit()
    print "Roles added!"

2. 前端vue.js ajax更新

Flask-Security一些默认地址:
注册:/register
登录:/login
注销:/logout
比如,你手动打开 http://localhost:5000/login, Flask-Security会自动渲染一个登录页面,很简陋,当然你可以自己写页面override它。


Flask-Security login

不过前端vue.js是用ajax访问的,不在乎页面漂亮与否。
根据Flask-Security 如何Session CSRF和REST Token兼得的步骤,来改写vue

/src/components/Siderbar.vue

登录函数login(),注意Flask-Security是用email作为唯一用户名的,先用正则表达式获得csrf_token,再获取json格式的token

methods: {
            login() {
                if (!this.validation) return;
                // get CSRF
                var csrf_token = '';
                this.$http.get('/login').then((response) => {
                    // 响应成功回调
                    var data = response.body;
                    //                 alert(JSON.stringify(response));
                    // <input id="csrf_token" name="csrf_token" type="hidden" value="1483433916##5b057abdef66da070c8385752b78f6c584f6ba41"><input
                    var csrf_token = '';
                    try {
                        csrf_token = data.match(/name="csrf_token" type="hidden" value="(.*?)">/)[1];
                        //                    alert(csrf_token);
                    } catch (exception) {
                        // 如果已经登陆,则302,redirect to home
                        //                   alert(exception);    // exception: TypeError: Cannot read property '1' of null
                        alert('登录异常,请重新登录');
                        return window.location = '/logout';
                    }
                    this.$http.post('/login',
                        //body
                        {
                            email: this.username,
                            password: this.password,
                            csrf_token: csrf_token
                        },
                        //options
                        {
                            headers: {
                                'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'
                            }
                        }).then((response) => {
                        // 响应成功回调
                        var jsondata = response.body;
                        alert(JSON.stringify(jsondata));
                        this.token = jsondata.response.user.authentication_token;
                        this.is_login = true;
                        //               alert('token:\n'+ this.token);
                        var userData = {
                            'username': this.username,
                            'token': this.token
                        };
                        window.localStorage.setItem("user", JSON.stringify(userData));
                        //     this.$nextTick(function () { });
                        //   getSubscription()
                    }, (response) => {
                        // 响应Login-POST错误回调
                        alert('登录出错了! ' + response.status + response.statusText)
                    });
                }, (response) => {
                    // 响应login-GET 错误回调
                    alert('登录出错了(CSRF)! ' + JSON.stringify(response))
                });
            },

login ajax post.png

login ajax response.png

注册函数register(),跟login()类似,也需要先获取csrf_token

            register() {
                if (!this.validation) return;
                // get CSRF
                var csrf_token = '';
                this.$http.get('/register').then((response) => {
                    // 响应成功回调
                    var data = response.body;
                    // <input id="csrf_token" name="csrf_token" type="hidden" value="1483433916##5b057abdef66da070c8385752b78f6c584f6ba41"><input
                    var csrf_token = data.match(/name="csrf_token" type="hidden" value="(.*?)">/)[1]
                    //              alert(csrf_token);                
                    this.$http.post('/register',
                        //body
                        {
                            email: this.username,
                            password: this.password,
                            csrf_token: csrf_token
                        },
                        //options
                        {
                            headers: {
                                'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'
                            }
                        }).then((response) => {
                        // 响应成功回调
                        var data = response.body;
                        //          alert('Server rsp:\n'+ JSON.stringify(response));
                        //"body":{"meta":{"code":400},"response":{"errors":{"email":["aaa@bbb.com is already associated with an account."]}}},
                        if (data.meta.code !== 200) {
                            return alert(JSON.stringify(data.response.errors))
                        }
                        this.token = data.response.user.authentication_token;
                        this.is_login = true;
                        //            alert(this.token);
                        var userData = {
                            'username': this.username,
                            'token': this.token
                        };
                        window.localStorage.setItem("user", JSON.stringify(userData));
                    }, (response) => {
                        // 响应错误回调
                        alert('注册出错了! ' + JSON.stringify(response))
                    });
                }, (response) => {
                    // 响应register-GET 错误回调
                    alert('注册出错了(CSRF)! ' + JSON.stringify(response))
                });
            },

如果返回代码不是200,则说明注册出错,比如用户名已被占用,进一步,可由vue来产生中文友好的提示信息:


email occupied.png

注销函数logout():GET /logout就行

            logout() {
                this.$http.get('/logout').then((response) => {
                    // 响应成功回调
                    this.is_login = false;
                    this.password = '';
                    this.token = '';
                    window.localStorage.removeItem("user")
                }, (response) => {
                    // 响应错误回调
                    alert('Logout出错了! ' + JSON.stringify(response))
                });
            },

好了,更新不算麻烦,以后就一劳永逸了,session、token管理、email验证、密码找回等等功能都有了。

Demo:vue2.heroku.com
源码:code.csdn.net/Kevin_QQ/vu…

下一篇:
Vue 2.0 起步(5) 订阅列表上传和下载 - 微信公众号RSS


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