一个项目如何编译多个不同签名、包名、资源等，的apk？

简介

如题所示！本篇文章就是为了解决这种问题。方便打包和运行的时候能做到无需手动替换配置，即可打包想要的apk。打包的时候，只需选一下想打哪种配置的apk就OK啦。 (^o^)/~

先来看，有需求如下：

1. 同一个项目
2. 不同的apk图标
3. 不同的服务器域名
4. 不同的包名
5. 不同的名称
6. 不同的签名
7. 不同的第三方key
8. 不同的版本名版本号

解决思路

1. 当然最直接的方式不过于每次打不同包的时候都去替换对应的配置，这种方式的麻烦之处不言而喻。
2. 将所有配置，资源等都配置入项目中，打包的时候，根据选择渠道打包不同配置的apk。（本篇文章就是要讲怎么这么做的）
3. 相信还有其他的。。。

相关的几个要点

1. 首先我们需要知道productFlavors来配置渠道，这里我将渠道用来表示哪种apk，如下我需要配置四种应用:

   productFlavors {
     userquhua {}
     quhua {}
     cuntuba {}
     xemh {}
   }
   

2. 如果我们选择了某一个渠道，那么运行打包的时候会根据渠道名选择资源文件（可结合第6点一起看）
   

3. 签名可在signingConfigs中配置多个（我将所有签名文件放在了项目跟目录的key文件夹中），这样我们就可以通过signingConfigs指定预制好的签名配置。

   signingConfigs {
       userquhuaRelease {
           storeFile file("../key/xxx1.keystore")
           storePassword "xxxxxx"
           keyAlias "alias"
           keyPassword "xxxxxx"
       }
   
       quhuaRelease {
           storeFile file("../key/xxx2.keystore")
           storePassword "xxxxxx"
           keyAlias "alias"
           keyPassword "xxxxxx"
       }
   
       cuntubaRelease {
           storeFile file("../key/xxx3.keystore")
           storePassword "xxxxxx"
           keyAlias "alias"
           keyPassword "xxxxxx"
       }
   
       xemhRelease {
           storeFile file("../key/xxx4.keystore")
           storePassword "xxxxxx"
           keyAlias "alias"
           keyPassword "xxxxxx"
       }
   }
   

4. 可在build.gradle中配置动态配置java代码调用的常量数据（如：通过该方式我们可根据不同渠道动态配置第三方appid，或其他需要根据渠道而改变的数据）

   • 比如：我们在defaultConfig {} 中定义了:

     buildConfigField "String", "SERVER_URL", '"http://xx.xxxx.com/"'
     

   • 此时，您看一下清单文件中manifest标签里的，package的值，假如是：

     com.xxx.xx
     

   • 那么，您就可以在java代码中通过导入文件：

     import com.xxx.xx.BuildConfig;
     

   • 然后调用

     BuildConfig.SERVER_URL
     

   它的值就是上边配置的字符串：http://xx.xxxx.com/。

   • 您可以进入BuildConfig看一看，里面还包含了一些当前的包名版本号等信息。
     

5. 在渠道配置那里可以配置对应的包名版本名签名等等如下所示：

   // 省略其他配置...
   android {
     // 省略其他配置...
     productFlavors {
         userquhua {
             applicationId "com.xxx.xx"
             versionCode 1
             versionName "1.0.0"
             signingConfig signingConfigs.userquhuaRelease // 配置签名
   
             String qq_id = '"xxxxxxxxx"' //配置qq appid
             buildConfigField "String",           "QQ_ID", qq_id
             buildConfigField "String",           "WX_ID", '"wxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"' // 配置微信appid
             manifestPlaceholders = [
               qq_id: qq_id,
               JPUSH_PKGNAME : applicationId,
               JPUSH_APPKEY : "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", //JPush 上注册的包名对应的 Appkey.
               JPUSH_CHANNEL : "developer-default",
             ]
         }
     }
   
     buildTypes {
       release {
         // 省略其他配置...
           signingConfig null  // 置空
       }
   
       debug {
         // 省略其他配置...
           signingConfig null // 置空
       }
     }
   }
   

   • 这样，如果我们打包userquhua这个渠道，看第2点中介绍选择userquhuaDebug。
   • 然后，最好clean一下项目、然后我们运行项目。
   • 该app的包名就是com.xxx.xx，版本号为1，版本名为1.0.0。
   • 通过BuildConfig调用QQ_ID静态常量，就是该渠道里配置的值，WX_ID同理。
   • manifestPlaceholders配置也可以这样配置。
   • 签名问题经过个人反复尝试（然后半天就过去了￣へ￣），最终签名如上配置。需要注意buildTypes中的签名配置signingConfig如果不设置为null，那么打包的是有还是以内置的签名打包。
6. 资源文件替换
   再看到第2点的介绍，我们选择运行渠道后，会默认匹配对应渠道下的资源。下面我将xemh渠道的资源目录全部展开一下。
   
   • 如上图这样，只需要资源名字和app目录对应的文件名字一样即可替换。
   • strings.xml里的应用名，只需要将对应app_name修改既可替换app下strings的app_name，其他不用替换的不用写就行。
7. 打正式包的时候选好渠道，就可以打包不同配置的apk，当然您也可以使用命令的方式。
   

其他配置记录

获取当前时间

static def releaseTime() {
    return new Date().format("yyyy-MM-dd-HH.mm", TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8"))
}

打包的时候，修改文件名，以方便区别渠道和版本打包时间

applicationVariants.all {
    variant ->
        variant.outputs.all {
            outputFileName = "${variant.productFlavors[0].name}-v${variant.productFlavors[0].versionName}-${releaseTime()}.apk"
        }
}

• ${variant.productFlavors[0].name}当前渠道名
• ${variant.productFlavors[0].versionName}当前版本名
• ${releaseTime()}当前时间

其他需要注意事项

如果您在清单文件AndroidManifest.xml中，有那种以包名开头命名的那种。因为如果包名都改了，有些也需要动态的改变。可以用${applicationId}代替。在打包的时候，会自动替换成当前包名。

比如，类似下配置：

<permission
    android:name="com.xxx.xx.permission.JPUSH_MESSAGE"
    android:protectionLevel="signature" />
<uses-permission android:name="com.xxx.xx.permission.JPUSH_MESSAGE" />
<receiver
    android:name=".push.MyJPushMessageReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="false" >
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="cn.jpush.android.intent.RECEIVE_MESSAGE" />
        <category android:name="com.xxx.xx" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
<provider
    android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
    android:authorities="com.xxx.xx.provider"
    android:exported="false"
    tools:replace="android:authorities"
    android:grantUriPermissions="true">
    <meta-data
        android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
        android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>

可改为：

<permission
    android:name="${applicationId}.permission.JPUSH_MESSAGE"
    android:protectionLevel="signature" />
<uses-permission android:name="${applicationId}.permission.JPUSH_MESSAGE" />
<receiver
    android:name=".push.MyJPushMessageReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="false" >
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="cn.jpush.android.intent.RECEIVE_MESSAGE" />
        <category android:name="${applicationId}" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
<provider
    android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
    android:authorities="${applicationId}.provider"
    android:exported="false"
    tools:replace="android:authorities"
    android:grantUriPermissions="true">
    <meta-data
        android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
        android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>

当然值得注意的是，在代码中我们也不能把包名写死了，可通过BuildConfig得到当前包名

我的完整配置，供参考

有关隐私信息的都用xxx替换了

1. 项目根目录的build.gradle

   // Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
   
   buildscript {
   
       repositories {
           google()
           jcenter()
       }
       dependencies {
           classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.0.0'
           classpath "io.github.prototypez:save-state:0.1.7"
   
           // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
           // in the individual module build.gradle files
       }
   }
   
   allprojects {
       repositories {
           google()
           jcenter()
           maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
           maven { url 'http://oss.jfrog.org/artifactory/oss-snapshot-local/' }
           flatDir {
               dirs 'libs'
           }
       }
   }
   
   task clean(type: Delete) {
       delete rootProject.buildDir
   }
   
   ext{
       minSdkVersion               = 16
       targetSdkVersion            = 27
       compileSdkVersion           = 27
       buildToolsVersion           = '27.1.1'
   
       supportLibraryVersion       = '27.1.1'
       xmvpVersion                 = '1.2.2'
       retrofit2Version            = '2.3.0'
       okhttp3Version              = '3.8.1'
       butterknifeVersion          = '8.6.0'
       rx2Version                  = '2.0.2'
       CircleProgressDialogVersion = '1.0.2'
       smarttabVersion             = '1.6.1@aar'
       adapterHelperVersion        = '2.9.41'
       glideVersion                = '4.7.1'
       roundedimageviewVersion     = '2.3.0'
       eventbusVersion             = '3.0.0'
       dispatcherVersion           = '2.4.0'
       picture_libraryVersion      = 'v2.2.3'
       statusbarutilVersion        = '1.5.1'
       okhttpUtilsVersion          = '3.8.0'
       constraintVersion           = '1.1.3'
       flexboxVersion              = '1.0.0'
   }
   

2. app目录下的build.gradle

   apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
   apply plugin: 'save.state'
   
   static def releaseTime() {
       return new Date().format("yyyy-MM-dd-HH.mm", TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8"))
   }
   
   android {
       compileSdkVersion rootProject.compileSdkVersion
   //    buildToolsVersion rootProject.buildToolsVersion
       defaultConfig {
           minSdkVersion rootProject.minSdkVersion
           targetSdkVersion rootProject.targetSdkVersion
   
           testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
           multiDexEnabled true
           // config the JSON processing library
           javaCompileOptions {
               annotationProcessorOptions {
                   arguments = [ serializer : "gson" ]
               }
           }
   
           ndk {
               abiFilters "armeabi-v7a"
           }
           renderscriptTargetApi 25
           renderscriptSupportModeEnabled true
   
       }
       signingConfigs {
           userquhuaRelease {
               storeFile file("../key/xxx.keystore")
               storePassword "xxxxxx"
               keyAlias "xxx"
               keyPassword "xxxxxx"
           }
   
           quhuaRelease {
               storeFile file("../key/xxx.keystore")
               storePassword "xxxxxxx"
               keyAlias "xxx"
               keyPassword "xxxxxxx"
           }
   
           cuntubaRelease {
               storeFile file("../key/xxx.keystore")
               storePassword "xxxxxxx"
               keyAlias "xxx"
               keyPassword "xxxxxxx"
           }
   
           xemhRelease {
               storeFile file("../key/xxx.keystore")
               storePassword "xxxxxxx"
               keyAlias "xxx"
               keyPassword "xxxxxxx"
           }
       }
       flavorDimensions "default"
       productFlavors {
           userquhua {
               applicationId "com.xxx.xx"
               versionCode 22
               versionName "1.7.5"
               signingConfig = signingConfigs.userquhuaRelease
   
               String qq_id = '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",           "QQ_ID", qq_id // qq appId
               buildConfigField "String",         "SINA_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 新浪appId
               buildConfigField "String",           "WX_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 微信 appId
               buildConfigField "String",           "UM_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 友盟
               buildConfigField "String",       "WX_SECRET", '"xxxxxx"' // 微信 secret
               buildConfigField "String",   "SINA_REDIRECT", '"http://open.weibo.com/apps/xxxxxx/privilege/oauth"' // 新浪
   
               buildConfigField "String",   "ADHUB_INIT_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 广告sdk初始化id
               buildConfigField "String", "ADHUB_SPLASH_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 开屏广告id
               buildConfigField "String", "ADHUB_BANNER_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // banner广告id
   
               buildConfigField "String",      "SERVER_URL", '"http://xxx.xxx.com/"'
               buildConfigField "String",        "LOGO_URL", '"http://file.xxx.com/img/xxx.png"'
   
               manifestPlaceholders = [
                       qq_id: qq_id,
                       JPUSH_PKGNAME : applicationId,
                       JPUSH_APPKEY : "xxxxxx", //JPush 上注册的包名对应的 Appkey.
                       JPUSH_CHANNEL : "developer-default", //暂时填写默认值即可.
               ]
           }
   
           quhua {
               applicationId "com.xxx.xx"
               versionCode 1
               versionName "1.0.0"
               signingConfig = signingConfigs.quhuaRelease
   
               String qq_id = '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",           "QQ_ID", qq_id
               buildConfigField "String",         "SINA_ID", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",           "WX_ID", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",           "UM_ID", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",       "WX_SECRET", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",   "SINA_REDIRECT", '"http://open.weibo.com/apps/xxxxxx/privilege/oauth"'
   
               buildConfigField "String",   "ADHUB_INIT_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 广告sdk初始化id
               buildConfigField "String", "ADHUB_SPLASH_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 开屏广告id
               buildConfigField "String", "ADHUB_BANNER_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // banner广告id
   
               buildConfigField "String",      "SERVER_URL", '"http://xx.xxx.com/"'
               buildConfigField "String",        "LOGO_URL", '"http://file.xxx.com/img/xxx.png"'
   
               manifestPlaceholders = [
                       qq_id: qq_id,
                       JPUSH_PKGNAME : applicationId,
                       JPUSH_APPKEY : "xxxxxx", //JPush 上注册的包名对应的 Appkey.
                       JPUSH_CHANNEL : "developer-default", //暂时填写默认值即可.
               ]
           }
   
           cuntuba {
               applicationId "com.xxx.xx"
               versionCode 1
               versionName "1.0.0"
               signingConfig = signingConfigs.cuntubaRelease
   
               String qq_id = '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",           "QQ_ID", qq_id
               buildConfigField "String",         "SINA_ID", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",           "WX_ID", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",           "UM_ID", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",       "WX_SECRET", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",   "SINA_REDIRECT", '"http://open.weibo.com/apps/xxxxxx/privilege/oauth"'
   
               buildConfigField "String",   "ADHUB_INIT_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 广告sdk初始化id
               buildConfigField "String", "ADHUB_SPLASH_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 开屏广告id
               buildConfigField "String", "ADHUB_BANNER_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // banner广告id
   
               buildConfigField "String",      "SERVER_URL", '"http://xxx.xxxx.com/"'
               buildConfigField "String",        "LOGO_URL", '"http://file.xxx.com/img/xxx.png"'
   
               manifestPlaceholders = [
                       qq_id: qq_id,
                       JPUSH_PKGNAME : applicationId,
                       JPUSH_APPKEY : "xxxxxx", //JPush 上注册的包名对应的 Appkey.
                       JPUSH_CHANNEL : "developer-default", //暂时填写默认值即可.
               ]
           }
   
           xemh {
               applicationId "com.xxx.xx"
               versionCode 1
               versionName "1.0.0"
               signingConfig = signingConfigs.xemhRelease
   
               String qq_id = '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",           "QQ_ID", qq_id
               buildConfigField "String",         "SINA_ID", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",           "WX_ID", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",           "UM_ID", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",       "WX_SECRET", '"xxxxxx"'
               buildConfigField "String",   "SINA_REDIRECT", '"xxxxxx"'
   
               buildConfigField "String",   "ADHUB_INIT_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 广告sdk初始化id
               buildConfigField "String", "ADHUB_SPLASH_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // 开屏广告id
               buildConfigField "String", "ADHUB_BANNER_ID", '"xxxxxx"' // banner广告id
   
               buildConfigField "String",      "SERVER_URL", '"http://xx.xxx.com/"'
               buildConfigField "String",        "LOGO_URL", '"http://file.xxxxxx.com/img/xxxxxx.png"'
   
               manifestPlaceholders = [
                       qq_id: qq_id,
                       JPUSH_PKGNAME : applicationId,
                       JPUSH_APPKEY : "xxxxxx", //JPush 上注册的包名对应的 Appkey.
                       JPUSH_CHANNEL : "developer-default", //暂时填写默认值即可.
               ]
           }
       }
   
       applicationVariants.all {
           variant ->
               variant.outputs.all {
                   outputFileName = "${variant.productFlavors[0].name}-v${variant.productFlavors[0].versionName}-${releaseTime()}.apk"
               }
       }
   
       buildTypes {
           release {
               // 不显示Log
               buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_DEBUG", "false"
               signingConfig null
               minifyEnabled true
               zipAlignEnabled true
               // 移除无用的resource文件
               shrinkResources true
               proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
           }
   
           debug {
               // 显示Log
               buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_DEBUG", "true"
               signingConfig null
               minifyEnabled false
               zipAlignEnabled false
               shrinkResources false
           }
       }
       packagingOptions {
           exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES.txt'
           exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
           exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
           exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
           exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
       }
       compileOptions {
           targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
           sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
       }
   
       dexOptions {
   
           javaMaxHeapSize "4g" //此处可根据电脑本身配置 数值越大 当然越快
   
           preDexLibraries = false
   
       }
   }
   
   repositories {
       flatDir {
           dirs 'libs', '../adpoymer/libs'
       }
   }
   
   dependencies {
       implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
       implementation "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$supportLibraryVersion"
       implementation "com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:$supportLibraryVersion"
       implementation "com.android.support:support-v4:$supportLibraryVersion"
       implementation "com.android.support:design:$supportLibraryVersion"
       implementation "com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:$constraintVersion"
   
       //添加retrofit2 的依赖 添加这个依赖就默认添加了okhttp依赖
       compile "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:$retrofit2Version"
       compile "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:$retrofit2Version"
       compile "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:$retrofit2Version"
       compile "com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:$okhttp3Version"
       compile "com.jakewharton:butterknife:$butterknifeVersion"
       annotationProcessor "com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:$butterknifeVersion"
       compile "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:$rx2Version"
       compile "com.github.xujiaji:xmvp:$xmvpVersion"
       implementation "com.github.autume:CircleProgressDialog:$CircleProgressDialogVersion"
       compile "com.ogaclejapan.smarttablayout:library:$smarttabVersion"
       compile "com.github.CymChad:BaseRecyclerViewAdapterHelper:$adapterHelperVersion"
   
       compile "com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:$glideVersion"
       annotationProcessor "com.github.bumptech.glide:compiler:$glideVersion"
   
       compile "com.makeramen:roundedimageview:$roundedimageviewVersion"
       compile "org.greenrobot:eventbus:$eventbusVersion"
       annotationProcessor "com.github.hotchemi:permissionsdispatcher-processor:$dispatcherVersion"
       compile "com.jaeger.statusbarutil:library:$statusbarutilVersion"
       compile("com.github.hotchemi:permissionsdispatcher:$dispatcherVersion") {
           exclude module: "support-v13"
       }
       implementation "com.github.LuckSiege.PictureSelector:picture_library:$picture_libraryVersion"
       implementation 'me.drakeet.library:crashwoodpecker:2.1.1'
       implementation 'com.github.chenupt.android:springindicator:1.0.2@aar'
       debugImplementation 'com.amitshekhar.android:debug-db:1.0.4'
       implementation 'com.umeng.sdk:common:1.5.3'
       implementation 'com.umeng.sdk:analytics:7.5.3'
   
       implementation 'com.liulishuo.filedownloader:library:1.7.5'
   
       implementation project(':banner')
       implementation project(':xdialog')
       implementation project(':shareutil')
       implementation project(':update')
       implementation project(':pay')
   //    implementation project(':adhub')
       implementation project(':imagewatcher')
       implementation files('libs/lite-orm-1.9.2.jar')
       implementation 'jp.wasabeef:blurry:2.1.1'
       implementation "com.google.android:flexbox:$flexboxVersion"
   
       implementation 'cn.jiguang.sdk:jpush:3.1.6'  // 此处以JPush 3.1.6 版本为例。
       implementation 'cn.jiguang.sdk:jcore:1.2.5'  // 此处以JCore 1.2.5 版本为例。
   
       compile(name: 'sdk-release', ext: 'aar')
       compile(name: 'open_ad_sdk', ext: 'aar')
       compile(name: 'adpoymer-3.4.35', ext: 'aar')
       implementation 'pl.droidsonroids.gif:android-gif-drawable:1.0.+'
   }
   

结束

就这样就可以解放大量劳动力啦！每次项目打包各种软件，选一下就ojbk，哈哈哈~
如果有些配置在其他渠道没有的，也可通过BuildConfig在java中判断如果是某某渠道那么屏蔽。
over