前言
刚刚接触iOS的时候，我就一直很好奇，模拟器上面能不能直接安装app呢？如果可以，我们就直接在模拟器上面聊QQ和微信了。直到昨天和朋友们聊到了这个话题，没有想到还真的可以给模拟器“安装”app！
一.应用场景
先来谈谈是什么情况下，会有在模拟器上安装app的需求。
在一个大公司里，对源码的管理有严格的制度，非开发人员是没有权限接触到源码的。对苹果的开发证书管理也非常严格，甚至连开发人员也没有发布证书，证书只在持续集成环境或者Appstore产线里面，或者只在最后打包上架的人手上。
那么现在就有这样的需求，开发人员搭建好UI以后，要把开发完成的Alapha版给到UI设计师那边去评审，看看是否完全达到要求，达不到要求就需要打回来重做。
一般做法就是直接拿手机去安装一遍了。直接真机看效果。不过要是设计师和开发不在同一个地方的公司，一个在北京一个在上海，这种就没法安装了。源码又无法导出给设计师，让他运行一下Xcode跑一下模拟器。打release的ipa通过扫码安装，如果公司大了，UDID全部都用完了，也没法安装。这个时候就比较麻烦了。(一般也没人遇到这么蛋疼的事情吧)
那么现在就有给模拟器安装app的需求了，那开发人员如何能把开发版的app给打包出来给其他模拟器安装呢？
二.解决办法
解决思路，想要别人的模拟器运行起我们开发的app，最简单的办法就是把我们DerivedData的数据直接拷贝到别人模拟器上面，就可以了。当然还要考虑到设计师也许并不会一些命令行命令，我们的操作越傻瓜越好。
1.拷贝本地的DerivedData里面的debug包
Mac的拷贝命令有cp和ditto，建议用ditto进行拷贝工作。
Usage: ditto [ ] src [ ... src ] dst
are any of:
-h print full usage
-v print a line of status for each source copied
-V print a line of status for every file copied
-X do not descend into directories with a different device ID
-c create an archive at dst (by default CPIO format)
-x src(s) are archives
-z gzip compress CPIO archive
-j bzip2 compress CPIO archive
-k archives are PKZip
--keepParent parent directory name src is embedded in dst_archive
--arch archVal fat files will be thinned to archVal
multiple -arch options can be specified
archVal should be one of "ppc", "i386", etc
--bom bomFile only objects present in bomFile are copied
--norsrc don't preserve resource data
--noextattr don't preserve extended attributes
--noqtn don't preserve quarantine information
--noacl don't preserve ACLs
--sequesterRsrc copy resources via polite directory (PKZip only)
--nocache don't use filesystem cache for reads/writes
--hfsCompression compress files at destination if appropriate
--nopreserveHFSCompression don't preserve HFS+ compression when copying files
--zlibCompressionLevel num use compression level 'num' when creating a PKZip archive
--password request password for reading from encrypted PKZip archiveDitto比cp命令更好的地方在于：
- 它在复制过程中不仅能保留源文件或者文件夹的属性与权限，还能保留源文件的资源分支结构和文件夹的源结构。
- 此命令能确保文件或者文件夹被如实复制。
- 如果目标文件或者文件夹不存在，ditto将直接复制过去或创建新的文件和文件夹，相反，对于已经存在的文件，命令将与目标文件（夹）合并。
- ditto还能提供完整符号链接。
那么我们就拷贝出本地的debug包
ditto -ck --sequesterRsrc --keepParent `ls -1 -d -t ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/*/Build/Products/*-iphonesimulator/*.app | head -n 1` /Users/YDZ/Desktop/app.zip有几点需要说明的：
上面命令最后一个路径(/Users/YDZ/Desktop/app.zip)，这个是自定义的，我这里举的例子是直接放在桌面。除了这里改一下路径，前面的都不需要改，包括 * 也都不用改。
再来说一下命令里面的 * 的问题。当我们打开自己本地的~/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/ ，这个路径下，会发现里面装的都是在我们本地模拟器上运行过的app程序。前面是app的Bundle Identifier，横线后面是一堆字符串。上面的ditto里面带 * 的那个路径是为了动态匹配一个地址的，* 在这里也是一个通配符。后面的head说明了匹配的规则。head其实是找出最近一次我们运行模拟器的app的路径。
为了保证我们打包是正确的，建议先运行一下我们要打包的app，一般我们Scheme里面的Run都是debug product(如果这里有更改，那就改成对应debug的Scheme)，确保是我们要给设计师审核的app，之后再运行这个ditto命令。
2.把debug包拷贝到另一个模拟器中
我们运行完上面的ditto命令会产生一个zip文件，解压出来，会得到一个app文件，这个就是debug包了。debug包就是我们要给设计师的app包了。
如何能让设计师傻瓜式的安装这个app呢？
这里介绍一个命令行工具，ios-sim命令行工具。
ios-sim 是一个可以在命令控制iOS模拟器的工具。利用这个命令，我们可以启动一个模拟器，安装app，启动app，查询iOS SDK。它可以使我们像自动化测试一样不用打开Xcode。
不过 ios-sim 只支持Xcode 6 以后的版本。
安装ios-sim
$ npm install ios-sim -g说明文档：
Usage: ios-sim [--args ...]
Commands:
showsdks List the available iOS SDK versions
showdevicetypes List the available device types
launch Launch the application at the specified path on the iOS Simulator
start Launch iOS Simulator without an app
install Install the application at the specified path on the iOS Simulator without launching the app
Options:
--version Print the version of ios-sim
--help Show this help text
--exit Exit after startup
--log The path where log of the app running in the Simulator will be redirected to
--devicetypeid The id of the device type that should be simulated (Xcode6+). Use 'showdevicetypes' to list devices.
e.g "com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.Resizable-iPhone6, 8.0"
Removed in version 4.x:
--stdout The path where stdout of the simulator will be redirected to (defaults to stdout of ios-sim)
--stderr The path where stderr of the simulator will be redirected to (defaults to stderr of ios-sim)
--sdk The iOS SDK version to run the application on (defaults to the latest)
--family The device type that should be simulated (defaults to `iphone')
--retina Start a retina device
--tall In combination with --retina flag, start the tall version of the retina device (e.g. iPhone 5 (4-inch))
--64bit In combination with --retina flag and the --tall flag, start the 64bit version of the tall retina device (e.g. iPhone 5S (4-inch 64bit))
Unimplemented in this version:
--verbose Set the output level to verbose
--timeout The timeout time to wait for a response from the Simulator. Default value: 30 seconds
--args <...> All following arguments will be passed on to the application
--env A plist file containing environment key-value pairs that should be set
--setenv NAME=VALUE Set an environment variable用法不难
ios-sim launch /Users/YDZ/Desktop/app.app --devicetypeid iPhone-6s其中，/Users/YDZ/Desktop/app.app这个是设计师收到app之后的路径。--devicetypeid参数后面是给定一个模拟器的版本。
只需要把上面的命令发给设计师，无脑粘贴到命令行，装好app的模拟器就会自动启动，打开app了。
三.额外的尝试
好奇的同学肯定不会满足只给模拟器安装debug包吧，既然可以不用代码就可以给模拟器安装app，那我们能安装release包么？我好奇的尝试了一下。
先从Appstore上面下载最新的微信，把ipa后缀改成zip，解压，把Payload文件夹里面的“WeChat”取出来，然后运行ios-sim命令。
结果微信确实是安装到了模拟器了。不过一点击app，看见了月亮界面就退出了。控制台打印了一堆信息。
An error was encountered processing the command (domain=FBSOpenApplicationErrorDomain, code=1):
The operation couldn’t be completed. (FBSOpenApplicationErrorDomain error 1.)
Aug 18 16:29:17 YDZdeMacBook-Pro nsurlsessiond[19213]: Task 1 for client {contents = "com.apple.mobileassetd"} completed with error - code: -999
Aug 18 16:29:17 YDZdeMacBook-Pro com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDevice.D6BD3967-9BC4-4A8D-9AD0-23176B22B12A.launchd_sim[19096] (UIKitApplication:com.tencent.xin[0xdf6d][19774]): Program specified by service does not contain one of the requested architectures:
Aug 18 16:29:17 YDZdeMacBook-Pro SpringBoard[19181]: Unable to get pid for 'UIKitApplication:com.tencent.xin[0xdf6d]': No such process (err 3)
Aug 18 16:29:17 YDZdeMacBook-Pro SpringBoard[19181]: Bootstrapping failed for
Aug 18 16:29:17 YDZdeMacBook-Pro SpringBoard[19181]: Unable to delete job with label UIKitApplication:com.tencent.xin[0xdf6d]. Error: Operation now in progress
Aug 18 16:29:17 YDZdeMacBook-Pro SpringBoard[19181]: Application 'UIKitApplication:com.tencent.xin[0xdf6d]' exited for an unknown reason.
Aug 18 16:29:17 YDZdeMacBook-Pro com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDevice.D6BD3967-9BC4-4A8D-9AD0-23176B22B12A.launchd_sim[19096] (UIKitApplication:com.tencent.xin[0xdf6d][19774]): Trampoline was terminated before jumping to service: Killed: 9
Aug 18 16:29:18 YDZdeMacBook-Pro fileproviderd[19169]: (Note ) FileProvider: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator.sdk/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/FileProvider.framework/Support/fileproviderd starting.
Aug 18 16:29:20 YDZdeMacBook-Pro pkd[19238]: assigning plug-in com.apple.ServerDocuments.ServerFileProvider(1.0) to plugin sandbox
Aug 18 16:29:20 YDZdeMacBook-Pro pkd[19238]: enabling pid=19169 for plug-in com.apple.ServerDocuments.ServerFileProvider(1.0) D12B6280-6DF1-434C-9BAA-BD9B0D0FB756 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator.sdk/Applications/ServerDocuments.app/PlugIns/ServerFileProvider.appex
Aug 18 16:29:22 YDZdeMacBook-Pro SpringBoard[19181]: Weekly asset update check did fire (force=NO)
Aug 18 16:29:22 YDZdeMacBook-Pro SpringBoard[19181]: Beginning check for asset updates (force: 0
Aug 18 16:29:22 YDZdeMacBook-Pro SpringBoard[19181]: Did not complete check for asset updates (force: 0, isVoiceOverRunning: 0
Aug 18 16:29:23 YDZdeMacBook-Pro mstreamd[19171]: (Note ) mstreamd: mstreamd starting up.
Aug 18 16:29:23 YDZdeMacBook-Pro DTServiceHub[19191]: DTServiceHub(19191) [error]: 'mach_msg_send' failed: (ipc/send) invalid destination port (268435459)
Aug 18 16:29:25 YDZdeMacBook-Pro itunesstored[19744]: iTunes Store environment is: MR22
Aug 18 16:29:25 YDZdeMacBook-Pro itunesstored[19744]: Normal message received by listener connection. Ignoring.
Aug 18 16:29:25 --- last message repeated 1 time ---
Aug 18 16:29:25 YDZdeMacBook-Pro mstreamd[19171]: (Note ) PS: The subscription plugin class does not support push notification refreshing.
Aug 18 16:29:25 YDZdeMacBook-Pro itunesstored[19744]: libMobileGestalt MGIOKitSupport.c:387: value for udid-version property of IODeviceTree:/product is invalid ((null))
Aug 18 16:29:25 YDZdeMacBook-Pro itunesstored[19744]: Normal message received by listener connection. Ignoring.
Aug 18 16:29:25 YDZdeMacBook-Pro itunesstored[19744]: libMobileGestalt MGBasebandSupport.c:60: _CTServerConnectionCopyMobileEquipmentInfo: CommCenter error: 1:45 (Operation not supported)
Aug 18 16:29:25 YDZdeMacBook-Pro itunesstored[19744]: libMobileGestalt MGBasebandSupport.c:189: No CT mobile equipment info dictionary while fetching kCTMobileEquipmentInfoIMEI
Aug 18 16:29:26 YDZdeMacBook-Pro mstreamd[19171]: (Note ) PS: Media stream daemon starting...
Aug 18 16:29:27 YDZdeMacBook-Pro itunesstored[19744]: UpdateAssetsOperation: Error downloading manifest from URL https://apps.itunes.com/files/ios-music-app/: Error Domain=SSErrorDomain Code=109 "无法连接到 iTunes Store" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=无法连接到 iTunes Store, SSErrorHTTPStatusCodeKey=503}
Aug 18 16:29:31 YDZdeMacBook-Pro healthd[19174]: (Error) MC: MobileContainerManager gave us a path we weren't expecting; file a radar against them
Expected: /private/var/containers/Shared/SystemGroup/systemgroup.com.apple.configurationprofiles
Actual: /Users/YDZ/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/D6BD3967-9BC4-4A8D-9AD0-23176B22B12A/data/Containers/Shared/SystemGroup/systemgroup.com.apple.configurationprofiles
Overriding MCM with the one true path
Aug 18 16:29:31 YDZdeMacBook-Pro healthd[19174]: PairedSync, Debugging at level 0 for console and level 0 for log files
Aug 18 16:29:31 YDZdeMacBook-Pro healthd[19174]: Error: Could not create service from plist at path: file:///Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator.sdk/System/Library/PairedSyncServices/com.apple.pairedsync.healthd.plist. Returning nil PSYSyncCoordinator for service name com.apple.pairedsync.healthd. Please check that your plist exists and is in the correct format.
Aug 18 16:29:31 YDZdeMacBook-Pro healthd[19174]: Error: failed to load bundle "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator.sdk/System/Library/Health/Plugins/CompanionHealth.bundle": Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=4 "未能载入软件包“CompanionHealth.bundle”，因为未能找到其可执行文件的位置。" UserInfo={NSLocalizedFailureReason=未能找到该软件包可执行文件的位置。, NSLocalizedRecoverySuggestion=请尝试重新安装软件包。, NSBundlePath=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator.sdk/System/Library/Health/Plugins/CompanionHealth.bundle, NSLocalizedDescription=未能载入软件包“CompanionHealth.bundle”，因为未能找到其可执行文件的位置。}
Aug 18 16:29:33 YDZdeMacBook-Pro wcd[19180]: libMobileGestalt MobileGestalt.c:2584: Failed to get battery level
Aug 18 16:29:34 --- last message repeated 1 time ---
Aug 18 16:29:34 YDZdeMacBook-Pro assertiond[19185]: assertion failed: 15G31 13E230: assertiond + 15801 [3C808658-78EC-3950-A264-79A64E0E463B]: 0x1
Aug 18 16:29:34 --- last message repeated 1 time ---
Aug 18 16:29:34 YDZdeMacBook-Pro SpringBoard[19181]: [MPUSystemMediaControls] Updating supported commands for now playing application.
Aug 18 16:29:34 YDZdeMacBook-Pro assertiond[19185]: assertion failed: 15G31 13E230: assertiond + 15801 [3C808658-78EC-3950-A264-79A64E0E463B]: 0x1
Aug 18 16:29:34 --- last message repeated 1 time ---
Aug 18 16:29:34 YDZdeMacBook-Pro fileproviderd[19169]: plugin com.apple.ServerDocuments.ServerFileProvider invalidated
Aug 18 16:29:34 YDZdeMacBook-Pro ServerFileProvider[19775]: host connection connection from pid 19169 invalidated
Aug 18 16:30:08 YDZdeMacBook-Pro mstreamd[19171]: (Note ) PS: Media stream daemon stopping.
Aug 18 16:30:09 YDZdeMacBook-Pro mstreamd[19171]: (Note ) AS: : Shared Streams daemon has shut down.
Aug 18 16:30:09 YDZdeMacBook-Pro mstreamd[19171]: (Warn ) mstreamd: mstreamd shutting down.
Aug 18 16:30:09 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: Switching to keyboard: zh-Hans
Aug 18 16:30:09 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: KEYMAP: Failed to determine iOS keyboard layout for language zh-Hans.
Aug 18 16:30:09 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: Switching to keyboard: zh-Hans
Aug 18 16:30:09 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: KEYMAP: Failed to determine iOS keyboard layout for language zh-Hans.
Aug 18 16:30:10 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: Switching to keyboard: zh-Hans
Aug 18 16:30:10 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: KEYMAP: Failed to determine iOS keyboard layout for language zh-Hans.
Aug 18 16:30:10 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: Switching to keyboard: zh-Hans
Aug 18 16:30:10 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: KEYMAP: Failed to determine iOS keyboard layout for language zh-Hans.
Aug 18 16:30:16 YDZdeMacBook-Pro sharingd[19183]: 16:30:16.190 : Failed to send SDURLSessionProxy startup message, error Error Domain=com.apple.identityservices.error Code=23 "Timed out" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=Timed out, NSUnderlyingError=0x7ff088e005a0 {Error Domain=com.apple.ids.idssenderrordomain Code=12 "(null)"}}
Aug 18 16:30:38 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: Switching to keyboard: zh-Hans
Aug 18 16:30:38 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: KEYMAP: Failed to determine iOS keyboard layout for language zh-Hans.
Aug 18 16:30:38 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: Switching to keyboard: zh-Hans
Aug 18 16:30:38 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: KEYMAP: Failed to determine iOS keyboard layout for language zh-Hans.
Aug 18 16:30:41 YDZdeMacBook-Pro CoreSimulatorBridge[19190]: Switching to keyboard: zh-Hans仔细看了一下log，根本原因还是因为
com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDevice.D6BD3967-9BC4-4A8D-9AD0-23176B22B12A.launchd_sim[19096] (UIKitApplication:com.tencent.xin[0xdf6d][19774]): Program specified by service does not contain one of the requested architectures:
Unable to get pid for 'UIKitApplication:com.tencent.xin[0xdf6d]': No such process (err 3)因为release包里面architectures打包的时候不包含模拟器的architectures。debug包里面就有。所以release就没法安装到模拟器了。
由于笔者逆向方面的东西没有研究，所以也无法继续下去了。不知道逆向技术能不能把release包破壳之后能不能转成debug包呢？如果能转成debug包，通过ios-sim命令应该也是可以直接安装到模拟器的。
至此，ios-sim给模拟器安装app就尝试到此了。因为只能给模拟器安装debug包，所以在题目上额外给安装加了双引号，并不是所有的app文件都可以安装到模拟器。
请大家多多指教。
