# Xcode 编译器调试命令(所有)

2,637 阅读10分钟

bk
bk

之前使用编译器调试的时候,每次只是用常规的几个调试命令。但是本着折腾的原则,今天把 所有的调试命令 及功能都罗列出来。

语歌 博客

速览表在最后:

下面举例常见比较重要的命令:

再下面有更详细的示范

如果想要了解更多编译器调试的命令: 传送门

接下来看一下常用的调试命令用法:

1.apropos

列出与某个单词或主题相关的调试器命令。
e.g
(lldb) apropos po

appropos
appropos

2.breakpoint

看截图文档:
(lldb) breakpoint

breakPoint
breakPoint

可以简写为 br
功能非常强大,下面还有详细的描述

3.breakpoint

重要

4.print

(lldb) print sums 可以简写成 (lldb) p sums
既: print 写成 p

代码中这样:
var sums = ["0.00","0.00","0.00","0.00"]

调试窗口这样:
结果:

(lldb) print sums
([String]) $R14 = 4 values {
  [0] = "0.00"
  [1] = "0.00"
  [2] = "0.00"
  [3] = "0.00"
}

如果你想在命令行打印进制数:

输入参数 表示进制 (e.g)
p/x 66 (x表示16进制)(Int) $R17 = 0x0000000000000042
p/t 6 (t表示2进制)(Int) $R20 = 0b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000110
p/c "s" (c表示字符)(String) $R24 = "s"

5.expression

直接改变其值,点击继续运行,运行的结果就是本次赋值后的结果

(lldb) expression sums = ["10.00","0.00","0.00","0.00"]

示例:

expression
expression

更多的用法:
以对象的方式来打印:
expression -o -- sums可以直接简写成这样: e -o -- sums

其中:
e -o -- sums 可以写成 po ,而且作用是等效的。

process

与进程交互的命令,当然是配合其后面的参数来达到相应的目的 执行 (lldb) process help 如下:

process
process

举个常见栗子:
continue -- Continue execution of all threads in the current process.

就是继续执行程序,当遇到断点的时候,在 LLDB 中执行就是继续执行程序

thread

与进程交互的命令,当然是配合其后面的参数来达到相应的目的 执行 (lldb) thread help 如下:

thread
thread

其搭配的参数命令执行的作用后面描绘的相当清楚。
这里要重点介绍几个:

* **`(lldb) thread return`** 过早的从堆栈中返回,立即执行返回命令,退出当前堆栈。可以伪装一些返回信息等等。从写一些函数的行为等等。

frame

同样是配合其参数完成调试

frame
frame

常用的一条命令:
lldb) frame info
打印出当前: 工程名字-类名字-函数名字-所在的行数
其它的作用参照参数后面的解释

看完上面的命令,接下来看编译器调试的几个 常用按钮

lldb
lldb

由图中可以看出用于调试的 4 个按钮

  1. 第一个 continue 如遇到如图所示,就点击后程序就正常运行,如果有其它断点,就会跳到下一个断点.

    ps: 点击它与在 LLDB调试框 里面输入
    (lldb) process continue 作用是一样的。
    c 作用效果也是一样的

  2. 第二个 step over 当遇到一个断点暂停后,点击该按钮程序就会一行一行的执行,即使遇到了函数的调用也不会进入函数里面去,而是直接跳过这个函数的执行,如下图:

    stepOve
    stepOve

    115 行打了一个断点,然后点击该按钮,他会执行 116 行,再点击后会执行 117 行,而不会去执行 116 所调用的函数 里面的行
    ps: 在程序当中与该按钮作用相同的 LLDB 命令参数是一样的命令是:
    (lldb) n
    (lldb) next
    (lldb) thread step-over
    作用效果是一样的

  3. 第三个step into.它才是真正意义上的一行一行的执行命令,即使遇到函数的执行,也会跳 该函数里面去一行一行的执行代码。就是说你想进入函数里面的时候用它
    ps: 在程序当中与该按钮作用相同的 LLDB 命令参数是一样的命令是:
    (lldb) thread step-in
    (lldb) step
    (lldb) s

  4. 第四个 step out 如果你进入了一个函数,运行一两行之后你想跳过该函数就用这个按钮。其实它的运行就是一个 堆栈的结束。

快速查看 Xcode 的所有断点

如图这是通过点击查看工程文件中所有的断点

everyBreak
everyBreak

那么通过 LLDB 命令来查看所有的断点:
(lldb) br list 或者 (lldb) br li 也可以达到相同的目的

在调试器中通过 LLDB 快速创建断点

使用下面的命令完成了 115行 断点的设定
(lldb) breakpoint set -f ViewController.swift -l 115
这个时候我们执行 continue 按钮会发现跳到 115行断点了。

我们通过大列表查看 b 其介绍是:
Set a breakpoint using one of several shorthand formats.

设置断点的命令是:
(lldb) b ViewController.swift:127127 处设置了断点

Xcode UI 画面上有条件的执行 断点

如图:

UIdebug
UIdebug

由图可看:

1步:我们在 line 24 的地方打了一个断点。

2步:我们看到标 2 的框框,这里 i==2 表示当 i等于2的时候才会执行这个断点

3步:我们看到标 3 的框框,这里表示当执行这个断点的时候,LLDB 会执行 po i 的命令

4步:我们看到标 4 的框框,i为2 的时候执行了断点的打印操作

其中 ignore 表示该断点第几次才会真正执行,比如 设置 ignore2 那么该断点会在第三次调用的时候触发。

那么这里要说明的就是:断点程序会先 比较 函数执行到该断点的 次数。然后 再比较条件 ,条件满足后 执行 LLDB 命令 语句

其中的 号可以支持多个 LLDB 命令。

其他的断点条件及执行的命令,依次类推。

Action 后面的更多作用!

如图:

action
action

1.AppleScript

苹果的一种脚本语言,可以在此开始运行

2.Capture GPU Frame

Unity游戏 方面的调试。暂时没有研究 😄

3.Debugger Command

相当于在 LLDB 上直接使用命令

4.Log Message

log
log

当执行到该断点的时候 LLDB 栏中会直接打印这个 hello 的信息

5.Shell Command

如图:

say
say

当执行该断点的时候,电脑会读 Hello world

6.Sound

选择相应的声音遇到该断点会发出相应的声音,也是挺有意思的。

一些 LLDB 及控制台插件,配合插件及脚本开发将大大提高开发效率。

chisel
Rainbow
...

随便打个断点:
命令行输入: (lldb) help

快速查询所以的命令 一览表

命令 命令作用描述
apropos -- List debugger commands related to a word or subject.(列出与某个单词或主题相关的调试器命令。)
breakpoint -- Commands for operating on breakpoints (see 'help b' for shorthand.)(断点的相关操作,详细看下面)
bugreport -- Commands for creating domain-specific bug reports.(创建某个特点作用域的bug 命令)
command -- Commands for managing custom LLDB commands.
disassemble -- Disassemble specified instructions in the current target. Defaults to the current function for the current thread and stack frame.
expression -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.(直接改变其值,点击继续运行)
frame -- Commands for selecting and examing the current thread's stack frames.(通过命令来检查当前堆栈的相关信息。结合后面的命令参数)
gdb-remote -- Connect to a process via remote GDB server. If no host is specifed, localhost is assumed.
gui -- Switch into the curses based GUI mode.
help -- Show a list of all debugger commands, or give details about a specific command.
kdp-remote -- Connect to a process via remote KDP server. If no UDP port is specified, port 41139 is assumed.
language -- Commands specific to a source language.
log -- Commands controlling LLDB internal logging.
memory -- Commands for operating on memory in the current target process.
platform -- Commands to manage and create platforms.
plugin -- Commands for managing LLDB plugins.
process -- Commands for interacting with processes on the current platform.(配合其包含的命令继续执行 执行 process help 即可看到)
quit -- Quit the LLDB debugger.
register -- Commands to access registers for the current thread and stack frame.
script -- Invoke the script interpreter with provided code and display any results. Start the interactive interpreter if no code is supplied.
settings -- Commands for managing LLDB settings.
source -- Commands for examining source code described by debug information for the current target process.
target -- Commands for operating on debugger targets.
thread -- Commands for operating on one or more threads in the current process.(在当前进程中操作一个或多个线程的命令,结合其下面的参数进行。下面有其搭配参数详细说明)
type -- Commands for operating on the type system.
version -- Show the LLDB debugger version.(查看开发语言的版本)
watchpoint -- Commands for operating on watchpoints.
add-dsym -- Add a debug symbol file to one of the target's current modules by specifying a path to a debug symbols file, or using the options to specify a module to download symbols for.
attach -- Attach to process by ID or name.
b -- Set a breakpoint using one of several shorthand formats.
bt -- Show the current thread's call stack. Any numeric argument displays at most that many frames. The argument 'all' displays all threads.
c -- Continue execution of all threads in the current process.
call -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.
continue -- Continue execution of all threads in the current process.
detach -- Detach from the current target process.
di -- Disassemble specified instructions in the current target. Defaults to the current function for the current thread and stack frame.
dis -- Disassemble specified instructions in the current target. Defaults to the current function for the current thread and stack frame.
display -- Evaluate an expression at every stop (see 'help target stop-hook'.)
down -- Select a newer stack frame. Defaults to moving one frame, a numeric argument can specify an arbitrary number.
env -- Shorthand for viewing and setting environment variables.
exit -- Quit the LLDB debugger.
f -- Select the current stack frame by index from within the current thread (see 'thread backtrace'.)
file -- Create a target using the argument as the main executable. finish -- Finish executing the current stack frame and stop after returning. Defaults to current thread unless specified.
image -- Commands for accessing information for one or more target modules.
j -- Set the program counter to a new address.
jump -- Set the program counter to a new address.
kill -- Terminate the current target process.
l -- List relevant source code using one of several shorthand formats.
list -- List relevant source code using one of several shorthand formats.
n -- Source level single step, stepping over calls. Defaults to current thread unless specified.(相当于一行一行的执行函数)
next -- Source level single step, stepping over calls. Defaults to current thread unless specified.(与 n 的作用几乎一致)
nexti -- Instruction level single step, stepping over calls. Defaults to current thread unless specified.
ni -- Instruction level single step, stepping over calls. Defaults to current thread unless specified.
p -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.(可以打印程序中相关参数的值,其属性状态)
parray -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.(与 p 相同)
po -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with formatting controlled by the type's author.(与 p 的区别是打印的值所带的参数相对简洁一点)
poarray -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.(与 p 相同)
print -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.(与 p 相同)
q -- Quit the LLDB debugger.
r -- Launch the executable in the debugger.
rbreak -- Sets a breakpoint or set of breakpoints in the executable.
repl -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.
reveal_load_dev -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.
reveal_load_sim -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.
reveal_start -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.
reveal_stop -- Evaluate an expression on the current thread. Displays any returned value with LLDB's default formatting.
run -- Launch the executable in the debugger.
s -- Source level single step, stepping into calls. Defaults to current thread unless specified.(一步一步执行,即使遇到函数也会进入该函数一步一步执行代码)
si -- Instruction level single step, stepping into calls. Defaults to current thread unless specified.
sif -- Step through the current block, stopping if you step directly into a function whose name matches the TargetFunctionName.
step -- Source level single step, stepping into calls. Defaults to current thread unless specified.
stepi -- Instruction level single step, stepping into calls. Defaults to current thread unless specified.
t -- Change the currently selected thread.
tbreak -- Set a one-shot breakpoint using one of several shorthand formats.
undisplay -- Stop displaying expression at every stop (specified by stop-hook index.)
up -- Select an older stack frame. Defaults to moving one frame, a numeric argument can specify an arbitrary number.
x -- Read from the memory of the current target process.