iOS复习和面试中有关SDWebImage可能知识点总结（2）

1. SDWebImage怎么实现缓存的？

---

分为内存缓存（利用SDImageCache类的NSCache属性），磁盘缓存（利用NSFileManager），和操作缓存（利用runtime关联的字典属性）。下载之前先查询缓存，没有就下载并在下载后保存图片到缓存。

(1). 查询图片缓存 的内部API

- (nullable NSOperation *)queryCacheOperationForKey:(nullable NSString *)key done:(nullable SDCacheQueryCompletedBlock)doneBlock {

• 调用位置 -- SDWebImageManager.m

- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)loadImageWithURL:(nullable NSURL *)url
                                     options:(SDWebImageOptions)options
                                    progress:(nullable SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
                                   completed:(nullable SDInternalCompletionBlock)completedBlock {

(2). 保存图片到缓存 的内部API

- (void)storeImage:(nullable UIImage *)image
         imageData:(nullable NSData *)imageData
            forKey:(nullable NSString *)key
            toDisk:(BOOL)toDisk
        completion:(nullable SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completionBlock {

• 调用位置 -- SDWebImageManager.m

- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)loadImageWithURL:(nullable NSURL *)url
                                     options:(SDWebImageOptions)options
                                    progress:(nullable SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
                                   completed:(nullable SDInternalCompletionBlock)completedBlock {

• 实现原理 --- SDImageCache.m

• 其中，数据转换部分 原理为：

- (nullable NSData *)sd_imageDataAsFormat:(SDImageFormat)imageFormat {
    NSData *imageData = nil;
    if (self) {
#if SD_UIKIT || SD_WATCH
        int alphaInfo = CGImageGetAlphaInfo(self.CGImage);
        BOOL hasAlpha = !(alphaInfo == kCGImageAlphaNone ||
                          alphaInfo == kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipFirst ||
                          alphaInfo == kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast);
        
        BOOL usePNG = hasAlpha;
        
        // the imageFormat param has priority here. But if the format is undefined, we relly on the alpha channel
        if (imageFormat != SDImageFormatUndefined) {
            usePNG = (imageFormat == SDImageFormatPNG);
        }
        
        if (usePNG) {
            imageData = UIImagePNGRepresentation(self);
        } else {
            imageData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(self, (CGFloat)1.0);
        }
#else
        NSBitmapImageFileType imageFileType = NSJPEGFileType;
        if (imageFormat == SDImageFormatGIF) {
            imageFileType = NSGIFFileType;
        } else if (imageFormat == SDImageFormatPNG) {
            imageFileType = NSPNGFileType;
        }
        
        imageData = [NSBitmapImageRep representationOfImageRepsInArray:self.representations
                                                             usingType:imageFileType
                                                            properties:@{}];
#endif
    }
    return imageData;
}

其中，保存到沙盒部分 原理为：

- (void)storeImageDataToDisk:(nullable NSData *)imageData forKey:(nullable NSString *)key {
    if (!imageData || !key) {
        return;
    }
    
    [self checkIfQueueIsIOQueue];
    
    if (![_fileManager fileExistsAtPath:_diskCachePath]) {
        [_fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:_diskCachePath withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:NULL];
    }
    
    // get cache Path for image key
    NSString *cachePathForKey = [self defaultCachePathForKey:key];
    // transform to NSUrl
    NSURL *fileURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:cachePathForKey];
    
    [_fileManager createFileAtPath:cachePathForKey contents:imageData attributes:nil];
    
    // disable iCloud backup
    if (self.config.shouldDisableiCloud) {
        [fileURL setResourceValue:@YES forKey:NSURLIsExcludedFromBackupKey error:nil];
    }
}

2. SDWebImage下载后的图片在什么时候用到解码？

---

在NSURLSession下载完成后的代理方法中，具体文件是SDWebImageDownloaderOperation.m。

• 内部API

+ (nullable UIImage *)decodedImageWithImage:(nullable UIImage *)image {

• 调用位置1 -- SDWebImageDownloaderOperation.m代理1

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error {
    @synchronized(self) {
        self.dataTask = nil;
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:SDWebImageDownloadStopNotification object:self];
            if (!error) {
                [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:SDWebImageDownloadFinishNotification object:self];
            }
        });
    }
    
    if (error) {
        [self callCompletionBlocksWithError:error];
    } else {
        if ([self callbacksForKey:kCompletedCallbackKey].count > 0) {
            /**
             *  See #1608 and #1623 - apparently, there is a race condition on `NSURLCache` that causes a crash
             *  Limited the calls to `cachedResponseForRequest:` only for cases where we should ignore the cached response
             *    and images for which responseFromCached is YES (only the ones that cannot be cached).
             *  Note: responseFromCached is set to NO inside `willCacheResponse:`. This method doesn't get called for large images or images behind authentication
             */
            if (self.options & SDWebImageDownloaderIgnoreCachedResponse && responseFromCached && [[NSURLCache sharedURLCache] cachedResponseForRequest:self.request]) {
                // hack
                [self callCompletionBlocksWithImage:nil imageData:nil error:nil finished:YES];
            } else if (self.imageData) {
                UIImage *image = [UIImage sd_imageWithData:self.imageData];
                NSString *key = [[SDWebImageManager sharedManager] cacheKeyForURL:self.request.URL];
                image = [self scaledImageForKey:key image:image];
                
                // Do not force decoding animated GIFs
                if (!image.images) {
                    if (self.shouldDecompressImages) {
                        if (self.options & SDWebImageDownloaderScaleDownLargeImages) {
#if SD_UIKIT || SD_WATCH
                            image = [UIImage decodedAndScaledDownImageWithImage:image];
                            [self.imageData setData:UIImagePNGRepresentation(image)];
#endif
                        } else {
                            image = [UIImage decodedImageWithImage:image];
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (CGSizeEqualToSize(image.size, CGSizeZero)) {
                    [self callCompletionBlocksWithError:[NSError errorWithDomain:SDWebImageErrorDomain code:0 userInfo:@{NSLocalizedDescriptionKey : @"Downloaded image has 0 pixels"}]];
                } else {
                    [self callCompletionBlocksWithImage:image imageData:self.imageData error:nil finished:YES];
                }
            } else {
                [self callCompletionBlocksWithError:[NSError errorWithDomain:SDWebImageErrorDomain code:0 userInfo:@{NSLocalizedDescriptionKey : @"Image data is nil"}]];
            }
        }
    }
    [self done];
}

• 调用位置2 -- SDWebImageDownloaderOperation.m代理1

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error {
//省略...

• 实现原理 -- SDWebImageDecoder.m

+ (nullable UIImage *)decodedImageWithImage:(nullable UIImage *)image {
    if (![UIImage shouldDecodeImage:image]) {
        return image;
    }
    
    // autorelease the bitmap context and all vars to help system to free memory when there are memory warning.
    // on iOS7, do not forget to call [[SDImageCache sharedImageCache] clearMemory];
    @autoreleasepool{
        
        CGImageRef imageRef = image.CGImage;
        CGColorSpaceRef colorspaceRef = [UIImage colorSpaceForImageRef:imageRef];
        
        size_t width = CGImageGetWidth(imageRef);
        size_t height = CGImageGetHeight(imageRef);
        size_t bytesPerRow = kBytesPerPixel * width;

        // kCGImageAlphaNone is not supported in CGBitmapContextCreate.
        // Since the original image here has no alpha info, use kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast
        // to create bitmap graphics contexts without alpha info.
        CGContextRef context = CGBitmapContextCreate(NULL,
                                                     width,
                                                     height,
                                                     kBitsPerComponent,
                                                     bytesPerRow,
                                                     colorspaceRef,
                                                     kCGBitmapByteOrderDefault|kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast);
        if (context == NULL) {
            return image;
        }
        
        // Draw the image into the context and retrieve the new bitmap image without alpha
        CGContextDrawImage(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height), imageRef);
        CGImageRef imageRefWithoutAlpha = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(context);
        UIImage *imageWithoutAlpha = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:imageRefWithoutAlpha
                                                         scale:image.scale
                                                   orientation:image.imageOrientation];
        
        CGContextRelease(context);
        CGImageRelease(imageRefWithoutAlpha);
        
        return imageWithoutAlpha;
    }
}

3. 怎样安全地在主线程执行一个Block？

有时候会把将要执行的内容放到主线程里面执行，但如果已经是主线程里面的代码调用dispatch_async的时候偶尔会出现crash，所以就需要判断是否已经在主线程里面了。

老版本的SDWebImage这样封装了一个宏：

//主线程同步队列
#define dispatch_main_sync_safe(block)\
    if ([NSThread isMainThread]) {\
        block();\
    } else {\
        dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), block);\
    }
//主线程异步队列
#define dispatch_main_async_safe(block)\
    if ([NSThread isMainThread]) {\
        block();\
    } else {\
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), block);\
    }

//用法
  dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
                    //需要执行的代码片段;
                });

新版本的SDWebImage是这样封装的宏：

#ifndef dispatch_main_async_safe
#define dispatch_main_async_safe(block)\
    if (strcmp(dispatch_queue_get_label(DISPATCH_CURRENT_QUEUE_LABEL), dispatch_queue_get_label(dispatch_get_main_queue())) == 0) {\
        block();\
    } else {\
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), block);\
    }
#endif

其中的strcmp是字符串比较函数:

int strcmp(char *str1， char *str2) 当str1>str2时，返回一个正数； 当str1<str2时，返回一个负数； 当str1=str2时，返回0。 最后应该注意的是：两个字符串比较时，是按asiic码大小逐个比较的，当发现某一个大或者小时，就停止比较、返回一个值。否则比较到最后一个字母。

注意的问题是，宏里面的block是无法打断点调试的。你如果步进查看，可以发现会跳到汇编的文件里面步进。

4. 怎样区分SDWebImageDownloader和SDWebImageManager的工作？

• SDWebImageManager提供的关键API是loadImageWithURL开头的，负责加载的，加载load这个词跟下载download不同，比它更广，加载负责管理下载之前的操作：

  • 管理下载操作的开始和取消
  • 下载之前查询图片的内存缓存和磁盘缓存
  • 下载之后保存图片到内存缓存和磁盘缓存
  • 返回一个操作对象给上级对象UIImageView+WebCache作为操作缓存数组属性中去

• SDWebImageDownloader提供的关键API是downloadImageWithURL开头的，可见它仅仅管理下载的操作，没有缓存的管理功能。