使用try-with-resources优雅关闭资源

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代码一定得写的优雅一点

你还在使用try-catch-finally关闭资源吗,如果是,那么就有点out了。皮皮甜手把手教你使用JDK7引用的try-with-resource

JDK7之前资源的关闭姿势:

/**
 * jdk7以前关闭流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceBefore7 {
    private static final String FileName = "file.txt";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileInputStream inputStream = null;

        try {
            inputStream = new FileInputStream(FileName);
            char c1 = (char) inputStream.read();
            System.out.println("c1=" + c1);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

JDK7及以后关闭资源的正确姿势:try-with-resource Resource的定义:所有实现了 java.lang.AutoCloseable 接口(其中,它包括实现了 java.io.Closeable 的所有对象),可以使用作为资源。 简单Demo进行证实: 实现java.lang.AutoCloseable接口的Resource类:

/**
 * 资源类
 * 
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("hello");
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Resource is closed");
    }
}

测试类CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后关闭流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {
            resource.sayHello();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

打印结果:

hello
Resource is closed

当存在多个打开资源的时候: 资源二Resource2.java

/**
 * 资源2
 * 
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class Resource2 implements AutoCloseable {
    public void sayhello() {
        System.out.println("Resource say hello");
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Resource2 is closed");
    }
}

测试类CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后关闭流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try(Resource resource = new Resource(); Resource2 resource2 = new Resource2()) {
            resource.sayHello();
            resource2.sayhello();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

打印结果:

hello
Resource say hello
Resource2 is closed
Resource is closed

即使资源很多,代码也可以写的很简洁,如果用jdk7之前的方式去关闭资源,那么资源越多,用fianl关闭资源时嵌套也就越多

那么它的底层原理又是怎样的呢,由皮皮甜独家揭秘优雅关闭资源背后的密码
查看编译的class文件CloseResourceIn7.class:

public class CloseResourceIn7 {
    public CloseResourceIn7() {
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Resource resource = new Resource();
            Throwable var2 = null;

            try {
                resource.sayHello();
            } catch (Throwable var12) {
                var2 = var12;
                throw var12;
            } finally {
                if (resource != null) {
                    if (var2 != null) {
                        try {
                            resource.close();
                        } catch (Throwable var11) {
                            var2.addSuppressed(var11);
                        }
                    } else {
                        resource.close();
                    }
                }

            }
        } catch (Exception var14) {
            var14.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

可以发现编译以后生成了try-catch-finally语句块 finally中的var2.addSuppressed(var11);是不是有疑问🤔️
其实这么做是为了处理异常屏蔽的
我们将代码修改一下
资源Resource.java

/**
 * 资源类
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
    public void sayHello() throws Exception {
        throw new Exception("Resource throw Exception");
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        throw new Exception("Close method throw Exception");
    }
}

两个方法里面都抛出异常

测试类CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后关闭流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            errorTest();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void errorTest() throws Exception {
        Resource resource = null;
        try {
            resource = new Resource();
            resource.sayHello();
        }

        finally {
            if (resource != null) {
                resource.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

打印结果:

java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exception
	at com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)
	at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:27)
	at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)

只打印了最后出现的异常【异常屏蔽】这样会给开发人员排查错误带来一定的困难 我们换成try-with-resource方法实现CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后关闭流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            errorTest();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void errorTest() throws Exception {
        try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {
            resource.sayHello();
        }

    }
}

打印信息:

java.lang.Exception: Resource throw Exception
	at com.shuwen.Resource.sayHello(Resource.java:10)
	at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:20)
	at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)
	Suppressed: java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exception
		at com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)
		at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:21)
		... 1 more

可以发现,异常信息中多了一个Suppressed的提示,告诉我们这个异常其实由两个异常组成,Close method throw Exception这个异常是被Suppressed【屏蔽】的异常

总结
怎么样,是不是很简单呢,如果学会了话