【Spring】BeanFactory解析bean详解

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package bean;
public class TestBean {
    private String beanName = "beanName";

	public String getBeanName() {
		return beanName;
	}

	public void setBeanName(String beanName) {
		this.beanName = beanName;
	}
}

Spring配置文件定义如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd">

	<bean id="testBean" class="bean.TestBean">
</beans>

下面使用XmlBeanFactory来获取该bean:

public class BeanTest {
	
	private static final java.util.logging.Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BeanTest.class);
	
	@Test
	public void getBeanTest() {
		BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("root.xml"));
		TestBean bean = factory.getBean("testBean");
		logger.info(bean.getBeanName);
	}
}

这个单元测试运行结果就是输出beanName,上面就是Spring最基本的bean的获取操作,这里我用BeanFactory作为容器来获取bean的操作并不多见,在企业开发中一般是使用功能更完善的ApplicationContext,这里先不讨论这个,下面重点讲解使用BeanFactory获取bean的过程。

现在就来分析下上面的测试代码,看看Spring到底为我们做了什么工作,上面代码完成功能的流程不外乎如此:

  1. 读取Spring配置文件root.xml;
  2. 根据root.xml中的bean配置找到对应的类的配置,并实例化;
  3. 调用实例化后的对象输出结果。

先来看看XmlBeanFactory源码:

public class XmlBeanFactory extends DefaultListableBeanFactory {

	  private final XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(this);

	  public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource) throws BeansException {
		  this(resource, null);
	  }

	  public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource, BeanFactory parentBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
		  super(parentBeanFactory);
		  this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
	  }
}

从上面可以看出XmlBeanFactory继承了DefaultListableBeanFactory,DefaultListableBeanFactory是Spring注册加载bean的默认实现,它是整个bean加载的核心部分,XmlBeanFactory与它的不同点就是XmlBeanFactory使用了自定义的XML读取器XmlBeanDefinitionReader,实现了自己的BeanDefinitionReader读取。 XmlBeanFactory加载bean的关键就在于XmlBeanDefinitionReader,下面看看XmlBeanDefinitionReader的源码(只列出部分):

public class XmlBeanDefinitionReader extends AbstractBeanDefinitionReader {

	private Class<?> documentReaderClass = DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.class;

	private ProblemReporter problemReporter = new FailFastProblemReporter();

	private ReaderEventListener eventListener = new EmptyReaderEventListener();

	private SourceExtractor sourceExtractor = new NullSourceExtractor();

	private NamespaceHandlerResolver namespaceHandlerResolver;

	private DocumentLoader documentLoader = new DefaultDocumentLoader();

	private EntityResolver entityResolver;

	private ErrorHandler errorHandler = new SimpleSaxErrorHandler(logger);
}

XmlBeanDefinitionReader继承自AbstractBeanDefinitionReader,下面是AbstractBeanDefinitionReader的源码(只列出部分):

public abstract class AbstractBeanDefinitionReader implements EnvironmentCapable, BeanDefinitionReader {

	protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

	private final BeanDefinitionRegistry registry;

	private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

	private ClassLoader beanClassLoader;

	private Environment environment;

	private BeanNameGenerator beanNameGenerator = new DefaultBeanNameGenerator();
}

XmlBeanDefinitionReader主要通过以下三步来加载Spring配置文件中的bean:

  1. 通过继承自AbstractBeanDefinitionReader中的方法,使用ResourLoader将资源文件(root.xml)路径转换为对应的Resource文件;
  2. 通过DocumentLoader对Resource文件进行转换,将Resource文件转换为Ducument文件;
  3. 通过DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader类对Document进行解析,最后再对解析后的Element进行解析。

了解以上基础后,接下来详细分析下一开始例子中的代码:

BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("root.xml"));

先看看下面XmlBeanFactory初始化的时序图来进一步了解这段代码的执行, xmlBeanFactory创建序列图.png 在这里可以看出BeanTest测试类通过向ClassPathResource的构造方法传入spring的配置文件构造一个Resource资源文件的实例对象,再通过这个Resource资源文件来构造我们想要的XmlBeanFactory实例。在前面XmlBeanFactory源码中的构造方法可以看出,

public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource) throws BeansException {
     this(resource, null);
}

public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource, BeanFactory parentBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
     super(parentBeanFactory);
     this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
}

this.reader.loadBeanDefinition(resource)就是资源加载真正的实现,时序图中XmlBeanDefinitionReader加载数据就是在这里完成的。

接下来跟进this.reader.loadBeanDefinition(resource)方法里面(只列关键部分):

public class XmlBeanDefinitionReader extends AbstractBeanDefinitionReader {
	
	@Override
	public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
		return loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource));
	}
}

在loadBeanDefinition(resource)方法里对资源文件resource使用EncodedResource类进行编码处理后继续传入loadBeanDefinitions方法,继续跟进loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource))方法源码:

public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
	Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null");
	if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
		logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource());
	}

    // 通过属性记录已加载的资源
	Set<EncodedResource> currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get();
	if (currentResources == null) {
		currentResources = new HashSet<EncodedResource>(4);
		this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources);
	}
	if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) {
		throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
				"Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!");
	}
	try {
        // 从resource中获取对应的InputStream,用于下面构造InputSource
		InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
		try {
			InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
			if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
				inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
			}
            // 调用doLoadBeanDefinitions方法
			return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
		}
		finally {
			inputStream.close();
		}
	}
	catch (IOException ex) {
		throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
				"IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex);
	}
	finally {
		currentResources.remove(encodedResource);
		if (currentResources.isEmpty()) {
			this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.remove();
		}
	}
}

继续跟进doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource())方法,这是整个bean加载过程的核心方法,在这个方法执行bean的加载。

protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
		throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
	try {
		Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);
		return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
	}
    /* 省略一堆catch */
}

跟进doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource)源码:

protected Document doLoadDocument(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource) throws Exception {
	return this.documentLoader.loadDocument(inputSource, getEntityResolver(), this.errorHandler,
			getValidationModeForResource(resource), isNamespaceAware());
}

在doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource)方法里就使用到了前面讲的documentLoader加载Document,这里DocumentLoader是个接口,真正调用的是其实现类DefaultDocumentLoader的loadDocument方法,跟进源码:

public class DefaultDocumentLoader implements DocumentLoader {

	@Override
	public Document loadDocument(InputSource inputSource, EntityResolver entityResolver,
			ErrorHandler errorHandler, int validationMode, boolean namespaceAware) throws Exception {

		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = createDocumentBuilderFactory(validationMode, namespaceAware);
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Using JAXP provider [" + factory.getClass().getName() + "]");
		}
		DocumentBuilder builder = createDocumentBuilder(factory, entityResolver, errorHandler);
		return builder.parse(inputSource);
	}
}

从源码可以看出这里先创建DocumentBuilderFactory,再用它创建DocumentBuilder,进而解析inputSource来返回Document对象。得到Document对象后就可以准备注册我们的Bean信息了。

在上面的doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource())方法中拿到Document对象后下面就是执行registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource)方法了,看源码:

public int registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
	BeanDefinitionDocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader();
	documentReader.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
    // 还没注册bean前的BeanDefinition加载个数
	int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount();
    // 加载注册bean
	documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource));
    // 本次加载注册的BeanDefinition个数
	return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore;
}

这里的doc就是上面的loadDocument方法加载转换来的,从上面可以看出主要工作是交给BeanDefinitionDocumentReader的registerBeanDefinitions()方法实现的,这里BeanDefinitionDocumentReader是个接口,注册bean功能在默认实现类DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader的该方法实现,跟进它的源码:

@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) {
	this.readerContext = readerContext;
	logger.debug("Loading bean definitions");
	Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
	doRegisterBeanDefinitions(root);
}

到这里通过doc.getDocumentElement()获得Element对象后,交给doRegisterBeanDefinitions()方法后就是真正执行XML文档的解析了,跟进doRegisterBeanDefinitions()方法源码:

protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
	BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate;
	this.delegate = createDelegate(getReaderContext(), root, parent);

	if (this.delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
		String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE);
		if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) {
			String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(
					profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
			if (!getReaderContext().getEnvironment().acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) {
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	preProcessXml(root);
	parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
	postProcessXml(root);

	this.delegate = parent;
}

到这里处理流程就很清晰了,先是对profile进行处理,之后就通过parseBeanDefinitions()方法进行文档的解析操作,跟进parseBeanDefinitions()方法源码:

protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
	if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
		NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
		for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
			Node node = nl.item(i);
			if (node instanceof Element) {
				Element ele = (Element) node;
                // 下面对bean进行处理
				if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
					parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
				}
				else {
					delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	else {
		delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
	}
}

上面if-else语句块中的parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate)和delegate.parseCustomElement(ele)就是对Spring配置文件中的默认命名空间和自定义命名空间进行解析用的。在Spring的XML配置中,默认Bean声明就如前面定义的:

<bean id="testBean" class="bean.TestBean">

自定义的Bean声明如:

<tx:annotation-driven />

XmlBeanFactory加载bean的整个过程基本就讲解到这里了。