亿级流量架构第二弹:你的系统真的无懈可击吗?【石杉的架构笔记】

3,897 阅读9分钟

欢迎关注微信公众号:石杉的架构笔记(id:shishan100)

我的新课**《C2C 电商系统微服务架构120天实战训练营》在公众号儒猿技术窝**上线了,感兴趣的同学,可以点击下方链接了解详情:

《C2C 电商系统微服务架构120天实战训练营》

在《亿级流量系统架构》系列第一阶段中,我们从零开始,讲述了一个大型数据平台的几个方面的构建,包括:

  • 如何承载百亿级数据的存储挑战
  • 如何承载设计高容错的分布式架构
  • 如何设计高性能架构,使之能承载百亿级流量
  • 如何设计高并发架构,能够支撑住每秒数十万的并发查询
  • 如何设计全链路99.99%的高可用架构

好!架构演进到这个时候,系统是否无懈可击了呢?

当然不是!

自古以来,能够瓦解一个军队战斗力的,不仅有外力冲击,还有内部因素。

同样,对于咱们的亿级流量系统,外部的冲击我们抗住了,现在的考验,来自于系统自身。而首当其冲的,就是系统的可扩展性带来的严重挑战。。。

因此在第二阶段,咱们用了大量的篇幅,分为上中下三篇,详细的讨论了该架构在可扩展性方面的痛点和改进。

跨过了2018年,你是否还记得这些痛点以及针对的技术方案呢?

如果忘了,没关系,跟着本文,温故知新。笔者希望各位在重拾记忆的同时,能有新的收获,并且能把文中的某些技术方案在自己公司中实际落地实践。

同样,对于可扩展性方案的复习,也是为后面系统在其他方面的改进打下基础,这样大伙儿读后面的文章时,不至于因为中间知识的断层而一脸懵逼。。。

对亿级流量架构可扩展性的讨论,咱们分成了上中下三篇。其中上篇,开门见山,发现问题:实时计算平台与数据查询平台之间耦合严重,并造成了诸多痛点:

  • 数据查询团队被动承担了本不该他们承担的高并发写入压力

  • 数据库运维操作导致的线上系统性能剧烈抖动

  • 实时计算平台团队因为自身写入机制的bug导致数据丢失,结果让数据查询团队来进行排查,典型的甩锅!

  • 实时计算平台团队,竟然需要自己来实现双写一致性的保障机制,直接导致代码里混合了大量不属于自己团队业务逻辑的代码

  • 数据查询平台做了分库分表的操作,需要实时计算平台team一起修改配置,一起测试部署上线

总之,这些痛点,导致的结果是两个团队的同学天天腻在一起,而且是被迫的。。。

对于上面这些系统痛点的成因,你还有印象吗?如果忘了,猛戳下面链接,先赶紧去复习一波吧,知道了病症,才好对症下药!

猛戳下方链接:

亿级流量系统架构之如何在上万并发场景下设计可扩展架构(上)?

好,通过了上篇文章,我们已经知道了系统耦合造成的各种痛点,真的很痛!

那么现在,就该针对这些痛点,对症下药。看看下面的内容,你还能记起吗?

  • 类似于中医的“望闻问切”,解决问题的第一步,就是找到病因。而到咱们这里,解决耦合的第一步,则是清晰的划分出系统边界。

  • 划分出边界之后,第二件事,当然就是解耦。如何解耦:利用消息中间件

  • 好!现在我们引入了消息中间件解耦,你是否还记得上篇文章中的一个痛点:实时计算平台高并发写入时,数据查询平台要无辜承受高并发的写入压力

  • 那我们引入了中间件之后,通过消息中间件进行削峰填谷,就能解决这个问题了,关于什么是削峰填谷,以及如何实行,还记得吗?

  • 解耦过后,我们通过手动流量开关来配合数据库运维,直接自己团队的同学在某个低锋时段关闭流量开关,迅速完成数据库运维操作。这不又解决了一大痛点吗!

  • 好处还不止这些,比如,我们引入中间件解耦之后,其他系统不也可以按需去MQ里,订阅实时计算平台计算好的数据吗!再不用看其他平台的脸色了

总体来讲,解耦之后,各个团队各司其职,不用天天被迫腻在一起。而没有了人为的各种干预,系统也运转的更加流畅高效。

关于这些针对性的解决方案,笔者建议大家再仔细看看,这都是真实线上生产总结出的经验,也许里面的某些方案能够帮到你!

猛戳下方链接:

亿级流量系统架构之如何在上万并发场景下设计可扩展架构(中)?

讲完了实际的落地方案,我们来到了亿级流量架构可扩展性的下篇。

在可扩展性中篇的讨论中,我们提到了解耦的好处之一,是可以实现消息的“Pub/Sub”模型,即不同平台都可以根据自身需要去订阅同一份数据。

那么下篇,我们讨论的主题就是基于消息中间件的“Pub/Sub”模型,并以RabbitMQ为例,详细阐述了其在代码层面的落地实践。

什么是exchange?默认的exchange是啥?如何绑定自己的队列到exchange上去消费?这些还记得吗?如果忘了,猛戳下面的链接,赶紧的回顾一下!

总体来讲,解耦之后,各个团队各司其职,不用天天被迫腻在一起。而没有了人为的各种干预,系统也运转的更加流畅高效。

关于这些针对性的解决方案,笔者建议大家再仔细看看,这都是真实线上生产总结出的经验,也许里面的某些方案能够帮到你!

猛戳下方链接:

亿级流量系统架构之如何在上万并发场景下设计可扩展架构(下)?

以上就是关于亿级流量可扩展性做的一个阶段性小结,重构之路漫无止境,且环环相扣。笔者希望通过这个总结,在咱们继续上路之前,打牢基础,加深理解,磨刀不误砍柴工。

如有收获,请帮忙转发,您的鼓励是作者最大的动力,谢谢!

一大波微服务、分布式、高并发、高可用的原创系列文章正在路上

欢迎扫描下方二维码,持续关注:

石杉的架构笔记(id:shishan100)

十余年BAT架构经验倾囊相授

**> **推荐阅读:** > > 1、[拜托!面试请不要再问我Spring Cloud底层原理](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5be13b83f265da6116393fc7) > > 2、[【双11狂欢的背后】微服务注册中心如何承载大型系统的千万级访问?](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5be3f8dcf265da613a5382ca) > > 3、[【性能优化之道】每秒上万并发下的Spring Cloud参数优化实战](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5be83e166fb9a049a7115580) > > 4、[微服务架构如何保障双11狂欢下的99.99%高可用](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5be99a68e51d4511a8090440) > > 5、[兄弟,用大白话告诉你小白都能听懂的Hadoop架构原理](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5beaf02ce51d457e90196069) > > 6、[大规模集群下Hadoop NameNode如何承载每秒上千次的高并发访问](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5bec278c5188253e64332c76) > > 7、【[性能优化的秘密】Hadoop如何将TB级大文件的上传性能优化上百倍](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5bed82a9e51d450f9461cfc7) > > [8、](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Fjuejin.im%2525252525252Fpost%2525252525252F5bf2c6b6e51d456693549af4)[拜托,面试请不要再问我TCC分布式事务的实现原理坑爹呀!](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903716089233416) [](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Fjuejin.im%2525252525252Fpost%2525252525252F5bf2c6b6e51d456693549af4) > > 9、[【坑爹呀!】最终一致性分布式事务如何保障实际生产中99.99%高可用?](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Fjuejin.im%2525252525252Fpost%2525252525252F5bf2c6b6e51d456693549af4) > > 10、[拜托,面试请不要再问我Redis分布式锁的实现原理!](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Fjuejin.im%2525252525252Fpost%2525252525252F5bf3f15851882526a643e207) > > **11、****[【眼前一亮!】看Hadoop底层算法如何优雅的将大规模集群性能提升10倍以上?](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Fjuejin.im%2525252525252Fpost%2525252525252F5bf5396f51882509a768067e)** > > **12、****[亿级流量系统架构之如何支撑百亿级数据的存储与计算](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252Fpost%25252525252F5bfab59fe51d4551584c7bcf)** > > 13、[亿级流量系统架构之如何设计高容错分布式计算系统](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Fjuejin.im%252525252Fpost%252525252F5bfbeeb9f265da61407e9679) > > 14、[亿级流量系统架构之如何设计承载百亿流量的高性能架构](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Fjuejin.im%2525252Fpost%2525252F5bfd2df1e51d4574b133dd3a) > > 15、[亿级流量系统架构之如何设计每秒十万查询的高并发架构](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fjuejin.im%25252Fpost%25252F5bfe771251882509a7681b3a) > > 16、[亿级流量系统架构之如何设计全链路99.99%高可用架构](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fjuejin.im%252Fpost%252F5bffab686fb9a04a102f0022) > > 17、[七张图彻底讲清楚ZooKeeper分布式锁的实现原理](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Fjuejin.im%2Fpost%2F5c01532ef265da61362232ed) > > 18、[大白话聊聊Java并发面试问题之volatile到底是什么?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903730303746061) > > 19、[大白话聊聊Java并发面试问题之Java 8如何优化CAS性能?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903731234865160) > > 20、[大白话聊聊Java并发面试问题之谈谈你对AQS的理解?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903732061159437) > > 21、[大白话聊聊Java并发面试问题之公平锁与非公平锁是啥?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903732883226637) > > 22、[大白话聊聊Java并发面试问题之微服务注册中心的读写锁优化](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903734267510798) > > 23、[互联网公司的面试官是如何360°无死角考察候选人的?(上篇)](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903734930046989) > > 24、[互联网公司面试官是如何360°无死角考察候选人的?(下篇)](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903735655661581) > > 25、[Java进阶面试系列之一:哥们,你们的系统架构中为什么要引入消息中间件?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903736444207117) > > 26、[【Java进阶面试系列之二】:哥们,那你说说系统架构引入消息中间件有什么缺点?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903737123667975) > > 27、[【行走的Offer收割机】记一位朋友斩获BAT技术专家Offer的面试经历](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903741213130765) > > 28、[【Java进阶面试系列之三】哥们,消息中间件在你们项目里是如何落地的?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903742114906125) > > 29、[【Java进阶面试系列之四】扎心!线上服务宕机时,如何保证数据100%不丢失?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903742928601095) > > 30、[一次JVM FullGC的背后,竟隐藏着惊心动魄的线上生产事故!](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903743712935944) > > 31、[【高并发优化实践】10倍请求压力来袭,你的系统会被击垮吗?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903744514031624) > > 32、[【Java进阶面试系列之五】消息中间件集群崩溃,如何保证百万生产数据不丢失?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903746636349453) > > 33、[亿级流量系统架构之如何在上万并发场景下设计可扩展架构(上)?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903747345219598) > > 34、[亿级流量系统架构之如何在上万并发场景下设计可扩展架构(中)?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903747903029261) > > 35、[亿级流量系统架构之如何在上万并发场景下设计可扩展架构(下)?](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903748565745678)**

作者:石杉的架构笔记
链接:juejin.cn/post/684490…
来源:掘金
著作权归作者所有,转载请联系作者获得授权!