设计模式(十一)Context中的装饰者模式

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一、基本概念:

1、定义:

动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。装饰模式比子类就增加功能来说更为灵活。

2、应用场景:

  • 需要扩展一个类的功能。
  • 动态的为一个对象增加功能,而且还能动态撤销。

3、通用类图:

  • Component:抽象类或者接口,这是装饰者和被装饰者都需要实现的接口或者继承的基类。
  • ConcreteComponent:被装饰者的具体构件
  • Decorate:装饰者角色,一般是一个抽象类,定义一个private变量指向Component。
  • ConcreteDecotator:装饰者具体实现类,一些在方法中实现一些功能的添加

二、示例:

1、Component:

定义了一个接口,定义了一个sing的方法

public interface Component {
    void sing();
}

2、ConcreteComponent:

定义了具体的被装饰者,实现了Component接口

public class ConcreteComponent implements Component {
    @Override
    public void sing() {
        System.out.print("sing....");
    }
}

3、Decorator:

定义了抽象装饰者,内部持有被装饰者的引用,才能操作被装饰者

public abstract class Decorator implements Component {
    private Component mComponent;

    public Decorator(Component component) {
        this.mComponent = component;
    }

    @Override
    public void sing() {
        mComponent.sing();
    }
}

4、ConcreteDecorator:

定义了具体的装饰者,可以在方法内做一些功能扩展的工作。

public class ConcreteDecorator extends Decorator {

    public ConcreteDecorator(Component component) {
        super(component);
    }

    //先交钱,后唱歌(添加了收费的功能)
    @Override
    public void sing() {
        System.out.print("先交钱....");
        super.sing();
    }
}

5、使用:

public class DecoratorTest {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Component component = new ConcreteComponent();
        Decorator decorator = new ConcreteDecorator(component);
        decorator.sing();
    }
}

6、更换装饰者:

public class ConcreteDecorator2 extends Decorator{
    public ConcreteDecorator2(Component component) {
        super(component);
    }

    @Override
    public void sing() {
        System.out.print("奏乐....");
        super.sing();
    }
}
public class DecoratorTest {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Component component = new ConcreteComponent();
        Decorator decorator = new ConcreteDecorator2(component);
        decorator.sing();
    }
}

更换了一个装饰者,提供了一些其他功能,方便装饰者的更换。

三、Context中的装饰模式

1、Context相关类图:

  • Context 对应的是装饰者和被装饰者都需要继承的抽象类
  • ContextWrapper 对应的是装饰者的基类
  • ContextImpl 对应的是被装饰者,一些逻辑的真正处理的类
  • Activity、Service、Application对应的是装饰者的具体实现类

2、Context

public abstract class Context {
  ......
  public abstract void startActivity(Intent var1);
  public abstract void startActivity(Intent var1, @RecentlyNullable Bundle var2);
  ......
}

Context作为抽象基本,定义了四大组件启动、获取资源、类加载、文件管理、权限管理等等抽象方法

3、ContextImpl

class ContextImpl extends Context {
  ......
  @Override
  public void startActivities(Intent[] intents, Bundle options) {
    warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
    if ((intents[0].getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) == 0) {
      throw new AndroidRuntimeException(
          "Calling startActivities() from outside of an Activity "
              + " context requires the FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK flag on first Intent."
              + " Is this really what you want?");
    }
    mMainThread.getInstrumentation().execStartActivities(
        getOuterContext(), mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), null,
        (Activity) null, intents, options);
  }
  ......
}

ContextImpl作为被装饰者,内部定义了Activity启动等方法的具体实现

4、ContextWrapper:

public class ContextWrapper extends Context {
  Context mBase;

  public ContextWrapper(Context base) {
    mBase = base;
  }
  //获取被装饰者ContextImpl的引用
  protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
    if (mBase != null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Base context already set");
    }
    mBase = base;
  }
	......
  @Override
  public void startActivities(Intent[] intents) {
    mBase.startActivities(intents);
  }

  @Override
  public void startActivities(Intent[] intents, Bundle options) {
    //内部调用的还是ContextImpl的方法
    mBase.startActivities(intents, options);
  }
  ......
}

ContextWrapper作为装饰者的基类,持有被装饰者ContextImpl的引用,并在自身的方法内部调用ContextImpl中的逻辑

5、Application Context 创建:

ActivityThread:

private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {       
......
  Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
  ......
}

通过调用LoadedApk的makeApplication方法创建了Application实例对象。

LoadedApk:

public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
    Instrumentation instrumentation) {
  ......
  ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);
  app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
      cl, appClass, appContext);
  appContext.setOuterContext(app);
  ......
}

创建了被装饰者ContextImpl对象,然后调用了Instrumentation的newApplication方法创建了Application。

Instrumentation:

static public Application newApplication(Class<?> clazz, Context context)
    throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
  Application app = (Application)clazz.newInstance();
  app.attach(context);
  return app;
}

通过调用Application(装饰者)的attach方法,将ContextImpl对象传入。

final void attach(Context context) {
  attachBaseContext(context);
  mLoadedApk = ContextImpl.getImpl(context).mPackageInfo;
}

通过调用装饰基类ContextWrapper的attachBaseContext方法来将ContextImpl对象传入,然后对被装饰者进行操作。

6、Activity Context的创建:

ActivityThread:

private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
  ......
  //(1)创建了ContextImpl
  ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
  Activity activity = null;
  try {
    java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
    //(2) 创建Activity对象
    activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
        cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
      ......

    if (activity != null) {
      appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
      //(3)将ContextImpl传入到Activity中
      activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
          r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
          r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
          r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback);

          ......

      return activity;
    }
  }
}

调用了Activity的attach方法: Activity:

final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
    Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
    Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
    CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
    NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
    Configuration config, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
    Window window, ActivityConfigCallback activityConfigCallback) {

  attachBaseContext(context);
      ......
}

完成了ContextImpl的创建,并传入到Activity中

7、Service Context的创建

Service的启动最后调用到了ActivityThread的handleCreateService方法 ActivityThread:

private void handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data) {
  ......
  Service service = null;
  try {
    java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader();
    //(1)service创建
    service = (Service) cl.loadClass(data.info.name).newInstance();
  
      ......
    //(2)ContextImpl创建
    ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, packageInfo);
    context.setOuterContext(service);

    Application app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
    //(3)ContextImpl传入
    service.attach(context, this, data.info.name, data.token, app,
        ActivityManager.getService());
    service.onCreate();
      ......
  }
}

Service:

public final void attach(
    Context context,
    ActivityThread thread, String className, IBinder token,
    Application application, Object activityManager) {
  attachBaseContext(context);
  ......
}

完成了Service创建和ContextImpl的传入

汇总:设计模式总结