Android 获取 Wifi 列表、连接 Wifi 及登录验证

zly394
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一、获取 WIFI 列表

1. 开启 WIFI

1.1 添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" />

1.2 使用 WifiManager 开启 Wifi

通过 Application 的 Context 获取到 WifiManager，调用 setWifiEnable(true) 开启 wifi。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private WifiManager wifiManager;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        wifiManager = (WifiManager) getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
        wifiManager.setWifiEnabled(true);
    }
}

2. 扫描 WIFI 并获取结果

2.1 添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />

2.2 开始扫描

使用 startScan() 方法开始扫描附近的 WIFI 信号。

wifiManager.startScan();

2.3 获取扫描结果

启动扫描后并不能立即获取到扫描结果，系统在扫描结果准备好之后会发送 WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION 广播，可以通过监听该广播，并在收到广播后调用 getScanResults() 获取到扫描结果。

注意：getScanResults() 在 Android 6.0 以上的设备返回为空列表的解决办法。

  1. 将 targetSdkVersion 设置为 22 即可获取到有效结果。
  2. 添加 ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 或 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 权限并且开启 GPS 定位，才能获取到有效结果。
@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
    filter.addAction(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION);
    registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, filter);
}

@Override
protected void onStop() {
    super.onStop();
    unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver);
}

private BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        List<ScanResult> scanResults = wifiManager.getScanResults();
    }
};

ScanResult 中保存了 WIFI 的名称、加密方式、信号强度等信息。

3. 获取已保存的 WIFI 列表

使用 WifiManager 的 getConfiguredNetworks() 方法获取设备中已保存的 WIFI 列表的配置信息。

List<WifiConfiguration> wifiConfigurations = WifiUtils.getInstance().getConfiguredNetworks();

WifiConfiguration 中除了有 WIFI 的名称、加密方式外，还有 networkId、状态及相关配置信息。

4. 获取当前连接的 WIFI 信息和状态

通过 ConnectivityManager 的 getActiveNetworkInfo() 方法获取到当前连接的网络信息；通过 WifiManager 的 getConnectionInfo() 方法获取当前连接的 WIFI 信息；根据当前 WIFI 的 networkId 获取到当前 WIFI 的配置和状态。

private NetworkInfo lastNetworkInfo;
private WifiInfo lastWifiInfo;
private WifiConfiguration lastWifiConfiguration;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    ...
    lastNetworkInfo = getActiveNetworkInfo();
    lastWifiInfo = wifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
    if (lastWifiInfo != null && lastWifiInfo.getNetworkId() != -1) {
        lastWifiConfiguration = getWifiConfigurationForNetworkId(lastWifiInfo.getNetworkId());
    }
}

/**
 * 根据 NetworkId 获取 WifiConfiguration 信息
 *
 * @param networkId 需要获取 WifiConfiguration 信息的 networkId
 * @return 指定 networkId 的 WifiConfiguration 信息
 */
private WifiConfiguration getWifiConfigurationForNetworkId(int networkId) {
    final List<WifiConfiguration> configs = wifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks();
    if (configs != null) {
        for (WifiConfiguration config : configs) {
            if (lastWifiInfo != null && networkId == config.networkId) {
                return config;
            }
        }
    }
    return null;
}

/**
 * 获取当前网络信息
 */
public NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo() {
    ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) this.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
    if (cm != null) {
        return cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
    }
    return null;
}

5. 创建 AccessPoint 来保存 WIFI 的信息和状态

分别获取到附近的 WIFI 列表和已保存的 WIFI 列表后，需要匹配附近的 WIFI 和已保存的 WIFI，对已匹配上的 WIFI 需要同事保存其信息和状态。通过查看源码可以知道，Settings 中 WIFI 设置的列表是将 WIFI 信息和状态保存到了 AccessPoint 中。但是 AccessPoint 无法直接使用，所以需要自己创建一个 AccessPoint 类。

AccessPoint

通过 ScanResult 列表和 WifiConfiguration 列表得到 AccessPoint 列表

private NetworkInfo lastNetworkInfo;
private WifiInfo lastWifiInfo;
private WifiConfiguration lastWifiConfiguration;
private List<AccessPoint> lastAccessPoints = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

private void updateAccessPoints() {
    Single.create((SingleOnSubscribe<List<AccessPoint>>) emitter -> {
        List<AccessPoint> accessPoints = new ArrayList<>();
        List<ScanResult> scanResults = wifiManager.getScanResults();
        if (lastWifiInfo != null && lastWifiInfo.getNetworkId() != AccessPoint.INVALID_NETWORK_ID) {
            lastWifiConfiguration = getWifiConfigurationForNetworkId(lastWifiInfo.getNetworkId());
        }
        if (scanResults != null) {
            for (ScanResult scanResult : scanResults) {
                if (TextUtils.isEmpty(scanResult.SSID)) {
                    continue;
                }
                AccessPoint accessPoint = new AccessPoint(this.getApplicationContext(), scanResult);
                if (accessPoints.contains(accessPoint)) {
                    continue;
                }
                List<WifiConfiguration> wifiConfigurations = wifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks();
                if (wifiConfigurations != null) {
                    for (WifiConfiguration config : wifiConfigurations) {
                        if (accessPoint.getQuotedSSID().equals(config.SSID)) {
                            accessPoint.setWifiConfiguration(config);
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (lastWifiInfo != null && lastNetworkInfo != null) {
                    accessPoint.update(lastWifiConfiguration, lastWifiInfo, lastNetworkInfo);
                }
                accessPoints.add(accessPoint);
            }
        }
        Collections.sort(accessPoints);
        emitter.onSuccess(accessPoints);
    })
            .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
            .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
            .subscribe(new SingleObserver<List<AccessPoint>>() {
                @Override
                public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
                }
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(List<AccessPoint> accessPoints) {
                    // 在界面上展示
                }
                @Override
                public void onError(Throwable e) {
                }
            });
}

二、WIFI 列表刷新

获取到 WIFI 列表后，需要定时刷新，并且在 WIFI 连接发生变化时也需要刷新列表

1. 定时刷新

每隔 10 秒钟调用一次 startScan() 方法，然后在广播接收者中更新列表

private Disposable scanWifi;

@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    scanWifi = Observable.interval(0, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .observeOn(Schedulers.io())
            .doOnNext(aLong -> wifiManager.startScan())
            .subscribe();
    IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
    filter.addAction(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION);
    registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, filter);
}

@Override
protected void onStop() {
    super.onStop();
    if (scanWifi != null && scanWifi.isDisposed()) {
        scanWifi.dispose();
    }
    unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver);
}

private BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        updateAccessPoints();
    }
};

2. 监听网络变化

网络变化的广播：

  • ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION

    "android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE"，网络连接发生变化时的广播，如：建立连接或断开连接等

  • WifiManager.CONFIGURED_NETWORKS_CHANGED_ACTION

    "android.net.wifi.CONFIGURED_NETWORKS_CHANGE"，已配置的 WIFI 网络发生变化时的广播，如：添加，更新或删除等

  • WifiManager.LINK_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED_ACTION

    "android.net.wifi.LINK_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED"，WIFI 链接配置发生变化时的广播

  • WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION

    "android.net.wifi.STATE_CHANGE"，WIFI 的连接状态发生变化时的广播

  • WifiManager.SUPPLICANT_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION

    "android.net.wifi.supplicant.STATE_CHANGE"，与 WIFI 建立连接的状态发生变化时的广播，如：密码错误等

注册广播

@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    ...
    IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
    filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
    filter.addAction(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION);
    filter.addAction("android.net.wifi.CONFIGURED_NETWORKS_CHANGE");
    filter.addAction("android.net.wifi.LINK_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED");
    filter.addAction(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
    filter.addAction(WifiManager.SUPPLICANT_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
    registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, filter);
}

接收广播并更新 wifi 列表

private BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        String action = intent.getAction();
        if (action != null) {
            switch (action) {
                case ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION:
                case WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION:
                case "android.net.wifi.CONFIGURED_NETWORKS_CHANGE":
                case "android.net.wifi.LINK_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED":
                    updateAccessPoints();
                    break;
                case WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION:
                    updateAccessPoints();
                    NetworkInfo info = intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
                    updateNetworkInfo(info);
                    break;
                case WifiManager.SUPPLICANT_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION:
                    int error = intent.getIntExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_SUPPLICANT_ERROR, -1);
                    if (error == WifiManager.ERROR_AUTHENTICATING) {
                        // 处理密码错误
                        handlePasswordError();
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
};

注册网络回调

@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    ...
    ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
    if (cm != null) {
        // 只关心 WIFI
        NetworkRequest.Builder request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
        cm.registerNetworkCallback(request.build(), callback);
    }
}

@Override
protected void onStop() {
    super.onStop();
    ...
    ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
    if (cm != null) {
        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
    }
}

private ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback callback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {

    @Override
    // 网络可用时
    public void onAvailable(Network network) {
        super.onAvailable(network);
        setCurrentNetwork(network);
        portalCurrentWifi();
    }

    @Override
    // 联网能力发生变化时
    public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
        super.onCapabilitiesChanged(network, networkCapabilities);
        if (network.equals(getCurrentNetwork())) {
            updateNetworkInfo(null);
        }
    }
};

更新当前连接 wifi 的状态

private NetworkInfo lastNetworkInfo;
private WifiInfo lastWifiInfo;
private WifiConfiguration lastWifiConfiguration;
private List<AccessPoint> lastAccessPoints = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
private int lastPortalNetworkId = AccessPoint.INVALID_NETWORK_ID;

public void updateNetworkInfo(NetworkInfo networkInfo) {
    Single.create((SingleOnSubscribe<List<AccessPoint>>) emitter -> {
        if (networkInfo != null) {
            lastNetworkInfo = networkInfo;
        }
        lastWifiInfo = wifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
        if (lastWifiInfo.getNetworkId() == AccessPoint.INVALID_NETWORK_ID) {
            // 表示没有 wifi 连接，lastPortalNetworkId 置为无效
            lastPortalNetworkId = AccessPoint.INVALID_NETWORK_ID;
        }
        if (lastWifiInfo != null && lastWifiInfo.getNetworkId() != AccessPoint.INVALID_NETWORK_ID) {
            lastWifiConfiguration = getWifiConfigurationForNetworkId(lastWifiInfo.getNetworkId());
        }
        boolean reorder = false;
        for (AccessPoint accessPoint : lastAccessPoints) {
            if (accessPoint.update(lastWifiConfiguration, lastWifiInfo, lastNetworkInfo)) {
                reorder = true;
            }
        }
        if (reorder) {
            Collections.sort(lastAccessPoints);
        }
        emitter.onSuccess(lastAccessPoints);
    }).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
            .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
            .subscribe(new SingleObserver<List<AccessPoint>>() {
                @Override
                public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
                }
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(List<AccessPoint> accessPoints) {
                    // 更新列表
                    adapter.setAccessPoints(accessPoints);
                }
                @Override
                public void onError(Throwable e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
}

三、WIFI 连接

需要用到的 API

  • addNetwork(WifiConfiguration config)
  • enableNetwork(int netId, boolean attemptConnect)
private void connect(AccessPoint accessPoint) {
    // 创建 WifiConfiguration
    accessPoint.generateNetworkConfig();
    // 添加 WifiConfiguration
    int networkId = wifiManager.addNetwork(accessPoint.wifiConfiguration);
    // 启用并尝试连接到 wifi
    wifiManager.enableNetwork(networkId, true);
}

/**
 * 生成 wifiConfiguration
 */
public void generateNetworkConfig() {
    if (wifiConfiguration != null)
        return;
    wifiConfiguration = new WifiConfiguration();
    wifiConfiguration.SSID = getQuotedSSID();
    switch (security) {
        case SECURITY_NONE:
            wifiConfiguration.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE);
            break;
        case SECURITY_WEP:
            wifiConfiguration.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE);
            wifiConfiguration.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.OPEN);
            wifiConfiguration.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.SHARED);
            int length = password.length();
            if ((length == 10 || length == 26 || length == 58) &&
                    password.matches("[0-9A-Fa-f]*")) {
                wifiConfiguration.wepKeys[0] = password;
            } else {
                wifiConfiguration.wepKeys[0] = '"' + password + '"';
            }
            break;
        case SECURITY_PSK:
            wifiConfiguration.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK);
            if (password.matches("[0-9A-Fa-f]{64}")) {
                wifiConfiguration.preSharedKey = password;
            } else {
                wifiConfiguration.preSharedKey = '"' + password + '"';
            }
            break;
        case SECURITY_EAP:
            // 暂时忽略
            break;
    }
}

判断 wifi 是否需要登录

网络可用时，连接指定网址根据返回码是否是 204 判断 wifi 是否需要登录

private ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback callback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {

    @Override
    // 网络可用时
    public void onAvailable(Network network) {
        super.onAvailable(network);
        setCurrentNetwork(network);
        portalCurrentWifi();
    }
};

public void portalCurrentWifi() {
    if (lastWifiInfo.getNetworkId() != lastPortalNetworkId) {
        lastPortalNetworkId = lastWifiInfo.getNetworkId();
        Single.create((SingleOnSubscribe<Boolean>) emitter -> {
            Network currentNetwork = getCurrentNetwork();
            HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
            try {
                // 使用当前的网络打开链接
                urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) currentNetwork.openConnection(new URL("http://connect.rom.miui.com/generate_204"));
                urlConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
                urlConnection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
                urlConnection.setReadTimeout(10000);
                urlConnection.setUseCaches(false);
                urlConnection.getInputStream();
                int responseCode = urlConnection.getResponseCode();
                if (responseCode == 200 && urlConnection.getContentLength() == 0) {
                    responseCode = 204;
                }
                emitter.onSuccess(responseCode != 204 && responseCode >= 200 && responseCode <= 399);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (urlConnection != null) {
                    urlConnection.disconnect();
                }
            }
        })
                .retry(throwable -> throwable instanceof UnknownHostException)
                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe(new SingleObserver<Boolean>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
                    }
                    @Override
                    public void onSuccess(Boolean aBoolean) {
                        if (aBoolean) {
                            // 调用网络登录界面
                        }
                    }
                    @Override
                    public void onError(Throwable e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                });
    }
}

四、取消保存

需要用到的 API

  • removeNetwork(int netId)
public void forgetWifi(AccessPoint accessPoint) {
    wifiManager.removeNetwork(accessPoint.wifiConfiguration.networkId);
}

PS 权限问题：对于普通应用只能取消保存自己添加的 wifi，无法取消保存其它应用添加的 wifi；如果需要取消保存其它应用添加的 wifi，需要添加如下权限，并作为系统应用。

<!--覆盖wifi配置 需要是 system app-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.OVERRIDE_WIFI_CONFIG" />

Demo：github.com/zly394/Wifi…

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