好记性不如烂笔头。生活中多做笔记，不仅可以方便自己，还可以方便他人。
(下面的源码大部分是来自API 28)
1. View的知识前提
View的绘制是从上往下一层层迭代下来的：DecorView-->ViewGroup（--->ViewGroup）-->View，所以，在学习view的绘制原理前，我们来先看看DecorView。
1.1 DecorView的视图结构
Android 中 Activity 是作为应用程序的载体存在，代表着一个完整的用户界面，提供了一个窗口来绘制各种视图。每个activity都对应一个窗口window，这个窗口是PhoneWindow的实例，PhoneWindow对应的布局是DecirView，是一个FrameLayout，DecorView内部又分为两部分，一部分是ActionBar，另一部分是ContentParent，即activity在setContentView对应的布局。
1.2 从源码看DecorView
activity在启动的时候都会在onCreate中执行setContentView方法：
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
以setContentView为切入点，分析Activity、PhoneWindow、DecorView、ActionBar和ContentParent的关系。
进入setContentView
/**
* Set the activity content from a layout resource. The resource will be
* inflated, adding all top-level views to the activity.
*
* @param layoutResID Resource ID to be inflated.
*
* @see #setContentView(android.view.View)
* @see #setContentView(android.view.View, android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams)
*/
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
initWindowDecorActionBar();
}
进入activity的setContentView，发现里面调用的是getWindow()的setContentView(layoutResID)。
继续看getWindow()
/**
* Retrieve the current {@link android.view.Window} for the activity.
* This can be used to directly access parts of the Window API that
* are not available through Activity/Screen.
*
* @return Window The current window, or null if the activity is not
* visual.
*/
public Window getWindow() {
return mWindow;
}
final void attach(...这里省略代码) {
attachBaseContext(context);
mFragments.attachHost(null /*parent*/);
mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);
mWindow.setWindowControllerCallback(this);
...这里省略代码
}
从上面的源码可以看出setContentView里面的是getWindow()其实是PhoneWindow，这也正如前面所说的，每个activity都对应一个窗口window，这个窗口是PhoneWindow的实例。
继续，进入PhoneWindow里面看看：
// This is the top-level view of the window, containing the window decor.
private DecorView mDecor;
PhoneWindow里面有一个DecorView对象mDecor，再看看setContentView方法
@Override
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
// decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
// before this happens.
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
getContext());
transitionTo(newScene);
} else {
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
}
mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
}
首次进来mContentParent应该是null，进入installDecor()看看：
private void installDecor() {
mForceDecorInstall = false;
if (mDecor == null) {
mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
}
} else {
mDecor.setWindow(this);
}
if (mContentParent == null) {
mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
.....此处省略代码
}
}
在installDecor里，mDecor=generateDecor(-1)，再看看这个方法里是怎么生成DecorView的：
protected DecorView generateDecor(int featureId) {
// System process doesn't have application context and in that case we need to directly use
// the context we have. Otherwise we want the application context, so we don't cling to the
// activity.
Context context;
if (mUseDecorContext) {
Context applicationContext = getContext().getApplicationContext();
if (applicationContext == null) {
context = getContext();
} else {
context = new DecorContext(applicationContext, getContext());
if (mTheme != -1) {
context.setTheme(mTheme);
}
}
} else {
context = getContext();
}
return new DecorView(context, featureId, this, getAttributes());
}
里面是直接new了一个DecorView。
看到这里，PhoneWindow和DecorView的关系就一目了然了
那问题来了，DecorView是如何跟ActionBar和ContentParent关联起来的呢？
继续回头看源码的installDecor()方法：
private void installDecor() {
mForceDecorInstall = false;
if (mDecor == null) {
mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
}
} else {
mDecor.setWindow(this);
}
if (mContentParent == null) {
mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
.....此处省略代码
}
}
发现mContentParent是通过generateLayout(mDecor)生成的，那看看generateLayout方法：
protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
// Apply data from current theme.
TypedArray a = getWindowStyle();
...此处省略代码
int layoutResource;
int features = getLocalFeatures();
// System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features));
if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) {
...此处省略代码
} else {
// Embedded, so no decoration is needed.
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple;
// System.out.println("Simple!");
}
mDecor.startChanging();
mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource);
ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
...此处省略代码
return contentParent;
}
/**
* The ID that the main layout in the XML layout file should have.
*/
public static final int ID_ANDROID_CONTENT = com.android.internal.R.id.content;
generateLayout方法里面根据不同的配置初始化的代码特别多，我省略了一些其他代码
generateLayout方法里面，mDecor加载了R.layout.screen_simple布局
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:orientation="vertical">
<ViewStub android:id="@+id/action_mode_bar_stub"
android:inflatedId="@+id/action_mode_bar"
android:layout="@layout/action_mode_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="?attr/actionBarTheme" />
<FrameLayout
android:id="@android:id/content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:foregroundInsidePadding="false"
android:foregroundGravity="fill_horizontal|top"
android:foreground="?android:attr/windowContentOverlay" />
</LinearLayout>
可以看到，R.layout.screen_simple是一个垂直的线性布局，上面的ViewStub就是APP的appBar，下面的FrameLayout的id为content！，activity所加载的xml页面就是加载到这个布局里面
再看看mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource)这个方法
void onResourcesLoaded(LayoutInflater inflater, int layoutResource) {
...此处省略代码
mDecorCaptionView = createDecorCaptionView(inflater);
final View root = inflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
if (mDecorCaptionView != null) {
if (mDecorCaptionView.getParent() == null) {
addView(mDecorCaptionView,
new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
}
mDecorCaptionView.addView(root,
new ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
} else {
// Put it below the color views.
addView(root, 0, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
}
mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) root;
initializeElevation();
}
从上面的方法来看，root这个View所代表的的就是 R.layout.screen_simple，然后DecorView调用addView将root加载到DecorView里面
奇怪了，只看到ContentParent初始化，没看到ActionBar初始化啊？
再回头看看Activity最开始的源码：
/**
* Set the activity content from a layout resource. The resource will be
* inflated, adding all top-level views to the activity.
*
* @param layoutResID Resource ID to be inflated.
*
* @see #setContentView(android.view.View)
* @see #setContentView(android.view.View, android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams)
*/
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
initWindowDecorActionBar();
}
原来ActionBar是在这里初始化的，看看initWindowDecorActionBar()：
/**
* Creates a new ActionBar, locates the inflated ActionBarView,
* initializes the ActionBar with the view, and sets mActionBar.
*/
private void initWindowDecorActionBar() {
Window window = getWindow();
// Initializing the window decor can change window feature flags.
// Make sure that we have the correct set before performing the test below.
window.getDecorView();
if (isChild() || !window.hasFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR) || mActionBar != null) {
return;
}
mActionBar = new WindowDecorActionBar(this);
mActionBar.setDefaultDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(mEnableDefaultActionBarUp);
mWindow.setDefaultIcon(mActivityInfo.getIconResource());
mWindow.setDefaultLogo(mActivityInfo.getLogoResource());
}
@RestrictTo({Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP})
public WindowDecorActionBar(View layout) {
assert layout.isInEditMode();
this.init(layout);
}
private void init(View decor) {
this.mOverlayLayout = (ActionBarOverlayLayout)decor.findViewById(id.decor_content_parent);
if (this.mOverlayLayout != null) {
this.mOverlayLayout.setActionBarVisibilityCallback(this);
}
this.mDecorToolbar = this.getDecorToolbar(decor.findViewById(id.action_bar));
this.mContextView = (ActionBarContextView)decor.findViewById(id.action_context_bar);
this.mContainerView = (ActionBarContainer)decor.findViewById(id.action_bar_container);
if (this.mDecorToolbar != null && this.mContextView != null && this.mContainerView != null) {
this.mContext = this.mDecorToolbar.getContext();
int current = this.mDecorToolbar.getDisplayOptions();
boolean homeAsUp = (current & 4) != 0;
if (homeAsUp) {
this.mDisplayHomeAsUpSet = true;
}
ActionBarPolicy abp = ActionBarPolicy.get(this.mContext);
this.setHomeButtonEnabled(abp.enableHomeButtonByDefault() || homeAsUp);
this.setHasEmbeddedTabs(abp.hasEmbeddedTabs());
TypedArray a = this.mContext.obtainStyledAttributes((AttributeSet)null, styleable.ActionBar, attr.actionBarStyle, 0);
if (a.getBoolean(styleable.ActionBar_hideOnContentScroll, false)) {
this.setHideOnContentScrollEnabled(true);
}
int elevation = a.getDimensionPixelSize(styleable.ActionBar_elevation, 0);
if (elevation != 0) {
this.setElevation((float)elevation);
}
a.recycle();
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException(this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " can only be used " + "with a compatible window decor layout");
}
}
ActionBar和ContentParent并非是添加到DecorView上去的，而是本身就存在于DecorView，
对于有ActionBar的activity，DecorView的默认布局是screen_action_bar.xml，里面就会包含ActionBar和ContentParent 对于没有ActionBar的Activity，会根据Activity所带的参数选择decorView的默认布局，例如screen_simple.xml
选择DecorView的默认布局的相关的判断逻辑是installDecor方法中调用generateLayout完成的.
看到这里，DecorView和ContentParent、ActionBar的关系就一目了然了
1.3 DecorView建立与viewRootImpl的联系
在ActivityThread的handleLaunchActivity中启动Activity，当onCreate()方法执行完毕，上面所述的DecorView创建动作也完毕了，在handleLaunchActivity方法里会继续调用到ActivityThread的handleResumeActivity方法，看看这个方法的源码：
@Override
public void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean finalStateRequest, boolean isForward,
String reason) {
...
// TODO Push resumeArgs into the activity for consideration
final ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, finalStateRequest, reason);
...
if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
a.mDecor = decor;
l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
if (r.mPreserveWindow) {
a.mWindowAdded = true;
r.mPreserveWindow = false;
// Normally the ViewRoot sets up callbacks with the Activity
// in addView->ViewRootImpl#setView. If we are instead reusing
// the decor view we have to notify the view root that the
// callbacks may have changed.
ViewRootImpl impl = decor.getViewRootImpl();
if (impl != null) {
impl.notifyChildRebuilt();
}
}
if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
if (!a.mWindowAdded) {
a.mWindowAdded = true;
wm.addView(decor, l);
} else {
// The activity will get a callback for this {@link LayoutParams} change
// earlier. However, at that time the decor will not be set (this is set
// in this method), so no action will be taken. This call ensures the
// callback occurs with the decor set.
a.onWindowAttributesChanged(l);
}
}
...
}
在handleResumeActivity方法中，获取该activity所关联的window对象，DecorView对象，以及windowManager对象，而WindowManager是抽象类，它的实现类是WindowManagerImpl，所以后面调用的是WindowManagerImpl的addView方法，看看源码：
public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager {
private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
...
@Override
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
}
}
mGlobal则是WindowManagerGlobal的一个实例，那么我们接着看WindowManagerGlobal的addView方法：
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
Display display, Window parentWindow) {
...
ViewRootImpl root;
View panelParentView = null;
synchronized (mLock) {
...
root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display); // 1
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
mViews.add(view);
mRoots.add(root);
mParams.add(wparams);
}
// do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
try {
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView); // 2
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
// BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
synchronized (mLock) {
final int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
if (index >= 0) {
removeViewLocked(index, true);
}
}
throw e;
}
}
在上面的方法中，实例化了ViewRootImpl类，然后调用ViewRootImpl#setView方法，并把DecorView作为参数传递进去，在这个方法内部，会通过跨进程的方式向WMS（WindowManagerService）发起一个调用，从而将DecorView最终添加到Window上，在这个过程中，ViewRootImpl、DecorView和WMS会彼此关联，最后通过WMS调用ViewRootImpl#performTraverals方法开始View的测量、布局、绘制流程。（参考：Android View源码解读：浅谈DecorView与ViewRootImpl ）
DecorView的相关知识就记录到这，下面开始view的绘制流程。
2. View的绘制流程
view绘制流程放在下一篇文章：重温View绘制原理（二）
