React源码解读【一】API复习与基础

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人生就是你所有选择的总和。那么,你今天要做什么?——阿尔贝·加缪

四年,如人生小溪中的一洼清水,如历史长河中的一点水滴,而却就是这四年,我完成了从懵懂到成熟的蜕变。回首这四年,有过创业,有过生病,有过说不出的苦楚,也有过让我笑不间断的喜悦。

那年的背包,依然在背着;那年的代码,依然还在用类似的逻辑实现着;一件好的东西总会让我爱不释手,react就是其中一个,从React.createClass到React.createElement到React.Component;从Mixin到class component到functional component;从flux到redux、mobx到hooks;每一次更进一步,每一次爱更深一筹。就在这个时间节点,我觉得我作为一个禅意开发者,应该纪念一下我这位老情人了。

这一系列文章与视频讲解(微信公众号:《JavaScript全栈》)将深入剖析React源码。

为了保证源码一致,请阅读与本文及视频相同版本,可到github下载,地址:github.com/Walker-Leee…

解读安排如下

好了,感慨发完,我们来一起揭开React神秘面纱吧!

React基础与API

早期做react开发的同学应该都知道,最开始react和react-dom在同一个包,后来为了做平台移植性,将react与react-dom分拆,相信做过react-native的同学都知道,我们写react-native项目时,也是用的react,只是表现层用了react-native的组件与api。所以看react源码我们先分析react对于api的定义。

我将react中的部分代码片段展示于此

import {Component, PureComponent} from './ReactBaseClasses';
import {createRef} from './ReactCreateRef';
import {forEach, map, count, toArray, only} from './ReactChildren';
import {
  createElement,
  createFactory,
  cloneElement,
  isValidElement,
  jsx,
} from './ReactElement';
import {createContext} from './ReactContext';
import {lazy} from './ReactLazy';
import forwardRef from './forwardRef';
import memo from './memo';
import {
  useCallback,
  useContext,
  useEffect,
  useImperativeHandle,
  useDebugValue,
  useLayoutEffect,
  useMemo,
  useReducer,
  useRef,
  useState,
  useResponder,
  useTransition,
  useDeferredValue,
} from './ReactHooks';

Component 与 PureComponent

两者的区别在于,PureComponent多给了一个标识,通过该标识在ReactFiberClassComponent中处理,决定是否进行shalloEqual。

if (ctor.prototype && ctor.prototype.isPureReactComponent) {
  return (
    !shallowEqual(oldProps, newProps) || !shallowEqual(oldState, newState)
  );
}

比较state和props的值,来判断是否需要更新。

类似改对比的地方还有一个,就是在 shouldComponentUpdate

createRef

更新后的ref用法,我们可以看到React即将抛弃<div>123</div> ,以后只能使用以下两种方式使用ref。

class App extends React.Component{

  constructor() {
    this.ref = React.createRef()
  }

  render() {
    return <div ref={this.ref} />
    // 或者是
    return <div ref={(node) => this.ref = node} />
  }

}

forwardRef

用来解决组件封装时,ref 的传递问题,大家看过antd源码的应该知道,很多组件使用到了 forwardRef 。比如form组件中,@Form.create() 将form组件相关的props绑定到组件上,this.props.validate

ReactChildren

该文件中包含api有:forEach, map, count, toArray, only ,这些方法都是对于reactChildren的处理。

createElement 与 cloneElement

我们在使用react似乎少见createElement方法,因为在我们现在项目中大多用上了jsx,大多时候是babel帮我们将jsx转换为createElement,React.createElement('h1', {id: 'title'}, 'hello world')

cloneElement顾名思义,拷贝已有元素。

memo

函数组件中类似pureComponent的用法,浅比较函数式组件的props,确定是否需要更新。

export default function memo<Props>(
  type: React$ElementType,
  compare?: (oldProps: Props, newProps: Props) => boolean,
) {
  return {
    ?typeof: REACT_MEMO_TYPE,
    type,
    compare: compare === undefined ? null : compare,
  };
}

ReactElement

在react中,调用createElement方法,返回值为ReactElement

export function createElement(type, config, children) {
  // ...
  
  return ReactElement(
    type,
    key,
    ref,
    self,
    source,
    ReactCurrentOwner.current,
    props,
  );
}

// 与createElement相比较,预先定义ReactElement的type值,并返回ReactElement
export function createFactory(type) {
  const factory = createElement.bind(null, type);
  factory.type = type;
  return factory;
}

我们再来看看ReactElement的定义

const ReactElement = function(type, key, ref, self, source, owner, props) {
  const element = {
    // This tag allows us to uniquely identify this as a React Element
    // 该参数指明React节点类型
    ?typeof: REACT_ELEMENT_TYPE,

    // Built-in properties that belong on the element
    // 标识改ReactElement属于什么类型
    type: type,
    key: key,
    ref: ref,
    props: props,

    // Record the component responsible for creating this element.
    // 记录
    _owner: owner,
  };

  return element;
};

我们可以发现,ReactElement 只是一个用来记录节点相关信息的对象,在后续的操作中通过该对象中的这些属性值,执行不同类型逻辑。同时,这些信息在不同平台渲染时,提供了脱离平台的能力。

Fiber、FiberRoot

FiberRoot

type BaseFiberRootProperties = {|
  // 挂载节点,在ReactDOM.render方法接收的第二个参数
  containerInfo: any,
  // 在持久更新时用到该属性,换言之不支持增量更新平台,在react-dom中不涉及
  pendingChildren: any,
  // 当前应用对应的Fiber,即Root Fiber
  current: Fiber,

  // 以下顺序表示优先级
  // 1) 还没提交(committed)的任务
  // 2) 还未提交的挂起任务
  // 3) 未提交的可能被挂起的任务
  // 在提交时被挂起最老和最新任务
  earliestSuspendedTime: ExpirationTime,
  latestSuspendedTime: ExpirationTime,
  // The earliest and latest priority levels that are not known to be suspended.
  // 不确定是否会挂起的最老和最新任务(所有任务初始化都是该状态)
  earliestPendingTime: ExpirationTime,
  latestPendingTime: ExpirationTime,
  // The latest priority level that was pinged by a resolved promise and can be retried.
  latestPingedTime: ExpirationTime,

  // 如果有抛出错误且此时没有更多更新,此时我们将尝试在处理错误前同步从头渲染
  // 在renderRoot出现无法处理的错误时,该值会被置为`true`
  didError: boolean,

  // 等待提交任务的`expirationTime`属性
  pendingCommitExpirationTime: ExpirationTime,
  // 已经完成的任务的FiberRoot对象,如果你只有一个Root,那他永远只可能是这个Root对应的Fiber,或者是null
  // 在commit阶段,只会处理这个值对应的任务
  finishedWork: Fiber | null,
  // 在任务被挂起时,通过setTimeout设置的返回内容,用来下一次如果有新的任务挂起时清理还没触发的timeout
  timeoutHandle: TimeoutHandle | NoTimeout,
  // 顶层context对象,只有主动调用renderSubtreeIntoContainer时才会使用到
  context: Object | null,
  pendingContext: Object | null,
  // 用来确定在第一次渲染时,是否需要合并
  hydrate: boolean,
  // 当前root对象上所剩余的过期时间
  nextExpirationTimeToWorkOn: ExpirationTime,
  // 当前更新对应的过期时间
  expirationTime: ExpirationTime,
  // List of top-level batches. This list indicates whether a commit should be
  // deferred. Also contains completion callbacks.
  // 顶层批处理任务,该变量指明一个commit是否应该被推迟处理,同时包含了完成处理后的回调
  firstBatch: Batch | null,
  // root之间关联的链表结构
  nextScheduledRoot: FiberRoot | null,
|};

Fiber

// Fiber对应一个需要被处理或者已经处理的组件,组件与Fiber可以是一对多关系
type Fiber = {|
  // 不同的组件类型
  tag: WorkTag,

  // ReactElement里面的key
  key: null | string,

  // ReactElement.type,我们调用`createElement`的第一个参数
  elementType: any,

  // The resolved function/class/ associated with this fiber.
  // 异步组件resolved之后返回的内容,一般是`function`或者`class`,表示函数或class
  type: any,

  // The local state associated with this fiber.
  // 跟当前Fiber相关本地状态(若在浏览器环境中,该值为DOM节点)
  stateNode: any,

  // 指向他在Fiber节点树中的`parent`,用来在处理完这个节点之后向上返回
  return: Fiber | null,

  // 指向自身的第一个子节点
  // 单链表树结构
  child: Fiber | null,
  // 指向自身的兄弟节点
  // 兄弟节点的return与之指向同一个父节点
  sibling: Fiber | null,
  index: number,

  // ref属性
  ref: null | (((handle: mixed) => void) & {_stringRef: ?string}) | RefObject,

  // 新的更新带来的props
  pendingProps: any, 
  // 上次渲染完成后的props
  memoizedProps: any,

  // 队列,存放该Fiber对应的组件产生的Update
  updateQueue: UpdateQueue<any> | null,

  // 上一次渲染时的state
  memoizedState: any,

  // 列表,存放这个Fiber依赖的context
  firstContextDependency: ContextDependency<mixed> | null,

  // 用来描述当前Fiber和他子树的`Bitfield`
  // 共存的模式表示这个子树是否默认是异步渲染的
  // Fiber被创建的时候他会继承父Fiber
  // 其他的标识也可以在创建的时候被设置
  // 但是在创建之后不应该再被修改,特别是他的子Fiber创建之前
  mode: TypeOfMode,

  // Effect
  // 用来记录Side Effect
  effectTag: SideEffectTag,

  // 单链表用来快速查找下一个side effect
  nextEffect: Fiber | null,

  // 子树中第一个side effect
  firstEffect: Fiber | null,
  // 子树中最后一个side effect
  lastEffect: Fiber | null,

  // 代表任务在未来的哪个时间点应该被完成
  // 不包括他的子树产生的任务
  expirationTime: ExpirationTime,

  // 快速确定子树中是否有不在等待的变化
  childExpirationTime: ExpirationTime,

  // 在Fiber树更新的过程中,每个Fiber都会有一个跟其对应的Fiber,current <==> workInProgress
  //在渲染完成后,保存fiber
  alternate: Fiber | null,

  // 调试相关,收集每个Fiber和子树渲染时间

  actualDuration?: number,
  actualStartTime?: number,
  selfBaseDuration?: number,
  treeBaseDuration?: number,
  _debugID?: number,
  _debugSource?: Source | null,
  _debugOwner?: Fiber | null,
  _debugIsCurrentlyTiming?: boolean,
|};

effectTags、ReactWorkTag、sideEffects

这三个文件主要定义了react中操作相关的类型,值得一提的是,react中类型的定义与组合很巧妙,如果同学之前未使用过这种思路,可以在权限设计系统中试用该方法。

effectTags

/**
 * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 *
 * @flow
 */

export type SideEffectTag = number;

// Don't change these two values. They're used by React Dev Tools.
export const NoEffect = /*              */ 0b00000000000;
export const PerformedWork = /*         */ 0b00000000001;

// You can change the rest (and add more).
export const Placement = /*             */ 0b00000000010;
export const Update = /*                */ 0b00000000100;
export const PlacementAndUpdate = /*    */ 0b00000000110;
export const Deletion = /*              */ 0b00000001000;
export const ContentReset = /*          */ 0b00000010000;
export const Callback = /*              */ 0b00000100000;
export const DidCapture = /*            */ 0b00001000000;
export const Ref = /*                   */ 0b00010000000;
export const Snapshot = /*              */ 0b00100000000;

// Update & Callback & Ref & Snapshot
export const LifecycleEffectMask = /*   */ 0b00110100100;

// Union of all host effects
export const HostEffectMask = /*        */ 0b00111111111;

export const Incomplete = /*            */ 0b01000000000;
export const ShouldCapture = /*         */ 0b10000000000;

ReactWorkTag

export const FunctionComponent = 0;
export const ClassComponent = 1;
export const IndeterminateComponent = 2; // Before we know whether it is function or class
export const HostRoot = 3; // Root of a host tree. Could be nested inside another node.
export const HostPortal = 4; // A subtree. Could be an entry point to a different renderer.
export const HostComponent = 5;
export const HostText = 6;
export const Fragment = 7;
export const Mode = 8;
export const ContextConsumer = 9;
export const ContextProvider = 10;
export const ForwardRef = 11;
export const Profiler = 12;
export const SuspenseComponent = 13;
export const MemoComponent = 14;
export const SimpleMemoComponent = 15;
export const LazyComponent = 16;
export const IncompleteClassComponent = 17;

sideEffects

/**
 * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 *
 * @flow
 */

export type SideEffectTag = number;

// Don't change these two values. They're used by React Dev Tools.
export const NoEffect = /*              */ 0b00000000000;
export const PerformedWork = /*         */ 0b00000000001;

// You can change the rest (and add more).
export const Placement = /*             */ 0b00000000010;
export const Update = /*                */ 0b00000000100;
export const PlacementAndUpdate = /*    */ 0b00000000110;
export const Deletion = /*              */ 0b00000001000;
export const ContentReset = /*          */ 0b00000010000;
export const Callback = /*              */ 0b00000100000;
export const DidCapture = /*            */ 0b00001000000;
export const Ref = /*                   */ 0b00010000000;
export const Snapshot = /*              */ 0b00100000000;

// Update & Callback & Ref & Snapshot
export const LifecycleEffectMask = /*   */ 0b00110100100;

// Union of all host effects
export const HostEffectMask = /*        */ 0b00111111111;

export const Incomplete = /*            */ 0b01000000000;
export const ShouldCapture = /*         */ 0b10000000000;

Update、UpdateQueue

export type Update<State> = {
  // 更新的过期时间
  expirationTime: ExpirationTime,

  // 该tag标识更新类型
  // UpdateState -> 0;
  // ReplaceState -> 1;
  // ForceUpdate -> 2;
  // CaptureUpdate -> 3;
  tag: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3,
  // 更新内容,如调用setState时接收的第一个参数
  payload: any,
  // 对应的回调函数,调用setState或render时
  callback: (() => mixed) | null,

  // 指向下一个更新
  next: Update<State> | null,
  // 指向下一个side effect
  nextEffect: Update<State> | null,
};

export type UpdateQueue<State> = {
  // 每次操作完更新后的state
  baseState: State,

  // 队首的Update
  firstUpdate: Update<State> | null,
  // 队尾的Update
  lastUpdate: Update<State> | null,

  firstCapturedUpdate: Update<State> | null,
  lastCapturedUpdate: Update<State> | null,

  firstEffect: Update<State> | null,
  lastEffect: Update<State> | null,

  firstCapturedEffect: Update<State> | null,
  lastCapturedEffect: Update<State> | null,
};

React.Children

数据结构中有一个结构——链表,不知可否记得链表的遍历?最常见链表的遍历使用递归实现,该api实现就是借助递归。我们以forEach为例来看看代码片段实现。

function forEachChildren(children, forEachFunc, forEachContext) {
  if (children == null) {
    return children;
  }
  const traverseContext = getPooledTraverseContext(
    null,
    null,
    forEachFunc,
    forEachContext,
  );
  traverseAllChildren(children, forEachSingleChild, traverseContext);
  releaseTraverseContext(traverseContext);
}
function traverseAllChildrenImpl(
  children,
  nameSoFar,
  callback,
  traverseContext,
) {
  const type = typeof children;

  if (type === 'undefined' || type === 'boolean') {
    // All of the above are perceived as null.
    children = null;
  }

  let invokeCallback = false;

  if (children === null) {
    invokeCallback = true;
  } else {
    switch (type) {
      case 'string':
      case 'number':
        invokeCallback = true;
        break;
      case 'object':
        switch (children.?typeof) {
          case REACT_ELEMENT_TYPE:
          case REACT_PORTAL_TYPE:
            invokeCallback = true;
        }
    }
  }

  if (invokeCallback) {
    callback(
      traverseContext,
      children,
      // If it's the only child, treat the name as if it was wrapped in an array
      // so that it's consistent if the number of children grows.
      nameSoFar === '' ? SEPARATOR + getComponentKey(children, 0) : nameSoFar,
    );
    return 1;
  }

  let child;
  let nextName;
  let subtreeCount = 0; // Count of children found in the current subtree.
  const nextNamePrefix =
    nameSoFar === '' ? SEPARATOR : nameSoFar + SUBSEPARATOR;

  if (Array.isArray(children)) {
    for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
      child = children[i];
      nextName = nextNamePrefix + getComponentKey(child, i);
      subtreeCount += traverseAllChildrenImpl(
        child,
        nextName,
        callback,
        traverseContext,
      );
    }
  } else {
    const iteratorFn = getIteratorFn(children);
    if (typeof iteratorFn === 'function') {

      const iterator = iteratorFn.call(children);
      let step;
      let ii = 0;
      while (!(step = iterator.next()).done) {
        child = step.value;
        nextName = nextNamePrefix + getComponentKey(child, ii++);
        subtreeCount += traverseAllChildrenImpl(
          child,
          nextName,
          callback,
          traverseContext,
        );
      }
    } else if (type === 'object') {
      let addendum = '';
      const childrenString = '' + children;
      invariant(
        false,
        'Objects are not valid as a React child (found: %s).%s',
        childrenString === '[object Object]'
          ? 'object with keys {' + Object.keys(children).join(', ') + '}'
          : childrenString,
        addendum,
      );
    }
  }

  return subtreeCount;
}

function traverseAllChildren(children, callback, traverseContext) {
  if (children == null) {
    return 0;
  }

  return traverseAllChildrenImpl(children, '', callback, traverseContext);
}
const POOL_SIZE = 10;
const traverseContextPool = [];
function releaseTraverseContext(traverseContext) {
  traverseContext.result = null;
  traverseContext.keyPrefix = null;
  traverseContext.func = null;
  traverseContext.context = null;
  traverseContext.count = 0;
  if (traverseContextPool.length < POOL_SIZE) {
    traverseContextPool.push(traverseContext);
  }
}