gin框架之集成验证码(captcha)

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在开发的过程中,我们有些接口为了防止被恶意调用,我们会采用加验证码的方式,例如:发送短信的接口,为了防止短信接口被频繁调用造成损失;注册的接口,为了防止恶意注册。在这里为大家推荐一个验证码的类库,方便大家学习使用。

    github.com/dchest/captcha

web端是怎么实现验证码的功能呢?

  1. 提供一个路由,先在session里写入键值对(k->v),把值写在图片上,然后生成图片,显示在浏览器上面
  2. 前端将图片中的内容发送给后后端,后端根据session中的k取得v,比对校验。如果通过继续下一步的逻辑,失败给出错误提示

API接口验证码实现方式类似,可以把键值对存储在起来,验证的时候把键值对传输过来一起校验。这里我只给出了web端的方法,爱动手的小伙伴可以自己尝试一下。

后端


package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"github.com/dchest/captcha"
	"github.com/gin-contrib/sessions"
	"github.com/gin-contrib/sessions/cookie"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

// 中间件,处理session
func Session(keyPairs string) gin.HandlerFunc {
	store := SessionConfig()
	return sessions.Sessions(keyPairs, store)
}
func SessionConfig() sessions.Store {
	sessionMaxAge := 3600
	sessionSecret := "hanyun"
	var store sessions.Store
	store = cookie.NewStore([]byte(sessionSecret))
	store.Options(sessions.Options{
		MaxAge: sessionMaxAge, //seconds
		Path:   "/",
	})
	return store
}

func Captcha(c *gin.Context, length ...int) {
	l := captcha.DefaultLen
	w, h := 107, 36
	if len(length) == 1 {
		l = length[0]
	}
	if len(length) == 2 {
		w = length[1]
	}
	if len(length) == 3 {
		h = length[2]
	}
	captchaId := captcha.NewLen(l)
	session := sessions.Default(c)
	session.Set("captcha", captchaId)
	_ = session.Save()
	_ = Serve(c.Writer, c.Request, captchaId, ".png", "zh", false, w, h)
}
func CaptchaVerify(c *gin.Context, code string) bool {
	session := sessions.Default(c)
	if captchaId := session.Get("captcha"); captchaId != nil {
		session.Delete("captcha")
		_ = session.Save()
		if captcha.VerifyString(captchaId.(string), code) {
			return true
		} else {
			return false
		}
	} else {
		return false
	}
}
func Serve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id, ext, lang string, download bool, width, height int) error {
	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate")
	w.Header().Set("Pragma", "no-cache")
	w.Header().Set("Expires", "0")

	var content bytes.Buffer
	switch ext {
	case ".png":
		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "image/png")
		_ = captcha.WriteImage(&content, id, width, height)
	case ".wav":
		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "audio/x-wav")
		_ = captcha.WriteAudio(&content, id, lang)
	default:
		return captcha.ErrNotFound
	}

	if download {
		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
	}
	http.ServeContent(w, r, id+ext, time.Time{}, bytes.NewReader(content.Bytes()))
	return nil
}

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.LoadHTMLGlob("./*.html")
	router.Use(Session("hanyun"))
	router.GET("/captcha", func(c *gin.Context) {
		Captcha(c, 4)
	})
	router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.html", nil)
	})
	router.GET("/captcha/verify/:value", func(c *gin.Context) {
		value := c.Param("value")
		if CaptchaVerify(c, value) {
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": 0, "msg": "success"})
		} else {
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": 1, "msg": "failed"})
		}
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}


前端页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>验证码</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="/captcha" onclick="this.src='/captcha?v='+Math.random()">
</body>
</html>

浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:8080,效果如下

访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/captcha/verify/5721

{
	"msg": "failed",
	"status": 1
}

链接:pan.baidu.com/s/16kWFdljT… 提取码:lzyl