Flutter第4天--基础控件(下)+Flex布局详解

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0.前言

Flex布局是Flutter的五虎上将之一,虎父无犬子,其子Row和Column也能力非凡
你有没有被mainAxisAlignment,crossAxisAlignment弄得晕头转向,本文将助你将他们纳入麾下。
先看一下父子三人在Flutter布局体系中的位置:多子组件布局


1.Flex的属性一览
属性名类型默认值简介
directionAxis@required轴向
mainAxisAlignmentMainAxisAlignmentstart主轴方向对齐方式
crossAxisAlignmentCrossAxisAlignmentcenter交叉轴方向对齐方式
mainAxisSizeMainAxisSizemax主轴尺寸
textDirectionTextDirectionnull文本方向
verticalDirectionVerticalDirectiondown竖直方向
textBaselineTextBaselinenull基线类型
childrenList[]内部孩子

2.轴向:direction:Axis
enum Axis {
  horizontal,//水平
  vertical,//竖直
}

也就是水平排放还是竖直排放,可以看出默认情况下都是主轴顶头,交叉轴居中
比如horizontal下主轴为水平轴,交叉轴则为竖直。也就是水平顶头,竖直居中
这里使用MultiShower快速展示,更好的对比出不同之处,MultiShower详见

var direction =[Axis.horizontal,Axis.vertical];
var show = MultiShower(direction,(e){
  return Flex(
    direction: e,
    children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

  );
},color: Colors.black12,width: 300,height: 200);

var redBox= Container(
  color: Colors.red,
  height: 50,
  width: 50,
);

var blueBox= Container(
  color: Colors.blue,
  height: 30,
  width: 60,
);

var yellowBox= Container(
  color: Colors.yellow,
  height: 50,
  width: 100,
);

var greenBox= Container(
  color: Colors.green,
  height: 60,
  width: 60,
);

3.主轴方向:mainAxisAlignment:MainAxisAlignment

主轴方向的排布规则,这里以水平为例,主轴为水平方向。竖直类比即可

enum MainAxisAlignment {
  start,//顶头
  end,//接尾
  center,//居中
  spaceBetween,//顶头接尾,其他均分
  spaceAround,//中间的孩子均分,两头的孩子空一半
  spaceEvenly,//均匀平分

testMainAxisAlignment(){
  var redBox= Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
  );

  var blueBox= Container(
    color: Colors.blue,
    height: 30,
    width: 60,
  );

  var yellowBox= Container(
    color: Colors.yellow,
    height: 10,
    width: 10,
  );

  var greenBox= Container(
    color: Colors.green,
    height: 50,
    width: 10,
  );

  var mainAxisAlignment =[
  MainAxisAlignment.start,MainAxisAlignment.center,
  MainAxisAlignment.end,MainAxisAlignment.spaceAround,
  MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly];

  var show = MultiShower(mainAxisAlignment,(e){
    return Flex(
      direction: Axis.horizontal,
      mainAxisAlignment: e,
      children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

    );
  },color: Colors.black12,width: 200,height: 150);
  return show;
}

4.交叉轴方向:crossAxisAlignment:CrossAxisAlignment
enum CrossAxisAlignment {
  start,//顶头
  end,//接尾
  center,//居中
  stretch,//伸展
  baseline,//基线
}

还是水平为例,交叉轴便是竖轴,这里可以看出他们的布局行为
其中需要注意的是CrossAxisAlignment.baseline使用时必须有textBaseline
其中textBaseline确定对齐的是那种基线,分为alphabeticideographic

testCrossAxisAlignment(){
  var redBox= Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
  );

  var blueBox= Container(
    color: Colors.blue,
    height: 30,
    width: 60,
  );

  var yellowBox= Container(
    color: Colors.yellow,
    height: 10,
    width: 10,
  );

  var greenBox= Container(
    color: Colors.green,
    height: 50,
    width: 10,
  );
  
  var crossAxisAlignment =[CrossAxisAlignment.start,CrossAxisAlignment.center,    CrossAxisAlignment.end,CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,CrossAxisAlignment.baseline];

  var show = MultiShower(crossAxisAlignment,(e){
    return Flex(
      direction: Axis.horizontal,
      crossAxisAlignment: e,
      textBaseline: TextBaseline.alphabetic,//基线类型
      children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

    );
  },color: Colors.black12,width: 200,height: 140);

  return show;
}

5.主轴尺寸:mainAxisSize
enum MainAxisSize {
  min,
  max,
}

当父容器的宽未约束,Flex默认会将自身尽可能延伸,这便是MainAxisSize.max

此时改为MainAxisSize.min时,它不会延伸自己的区域,自会包裹内容

testMainAxisSize(){
  var redBox= Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
  );

  var blueBox= Container(
    color: Colors.blue,
    height: 30,
    width: 60,
  );

  var yellowBox= Container(
    color: Colors.yellow,
    height: 10,
    width: 10,
  );

  var greenBox= Container(
    color: Colors.green,
    height: 50,
    width: 10,
  );

  return Center(child: Flex(
    direction: Axis.horizontal,
    mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.max,
    children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

  ),);
}

6.文字方向:textDirection:TextDirection
enum TextDirection {
  ltr,//从左到右
  rtl,//从右到左
}

这个非常好理解,不多言了

testTextDirection(){
  var redBox= Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
  );

  var blueBox= Container(
    color: Colors.blue,
    height: 30,
    width: 60,
  );

  var yellowBox= Container(
    color: Colors.yellow,
    height: 10,
    width: 10,
  );

  var greenBox= Container(
    color: Colors.green,
    height: 50,
    width: 10,
  );

  var textDirection =[TextDirection.ltr,TextDirection.rtl];
  var show = MultiShower(textDirection,(e){
    return Flex(
      direction: Axis.horizontal,
      textDirection: e,
      children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

    );
  },color: Colors.black12,width: 200,height: 140);
  return show;
}

7.竖直方向排序:verticalDirection:VerticalDirection
enum VerticalDirection{
    up,
    down,
}

testVerticalDirection(){
  var redBox= Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
  );

  var blueBox= Container(
    color: Colors.blue,
    height: 30,
    width: 60,
  );

  var yellowBox= Container(
    color: Colors.yellow,
    height: 10,
    width: 10,
  );

  var greenBox= Container(
    color: Colors.green,
    height: 50,
    width: 10,
  );

  var verticalDirection =[VerticalDirection.up,VerticalDirection.down];

  var show = MultiShower(verticalDirection,(e){
    return Flex(
      direction: Axis.vertical,
      verticalDirection: e
      children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

    );
  },color: Colors.black12,width: 200,height: 140);

  return show;
}

8.基线对齐方式:textBaseline:TextBaseline
enum TextBaseline {
  alphabetic,
  ideographic,
}

testTextBaseline(){
  var redBox= Text(
    "张风捷特烈",style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20,backgroundColor: Colors.red),
  );

  var blueBox= Text(
    "toly",style: TextStyle(fontSize: 50,backgroundColor: Colors.blue),
  );

  var yellowBox=  Text(
    "1994",style: TextStyle(fontSize: 30,backgroundColor: Colors.green),
  );

  var textBaseline =[TextBaseline.alphabetic,TextBaseline.ideographic];

  var show = MultiShower(textBaseline,(e){
    return Flex(
      direction: Axis.horizontal,
      crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.baseline,
      textBaseline: e,
      children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox],
    );
  },color: Colors.black12,width: 300,height: 140);

  return show;
}

至此,Flutter中的Flex布局就已经完全解读完了。
其中Flutter的孩子Row是direction: Axis.horizontal,Column是direction: Axis.vertical,
其他的属性都是类似的,相当于Flex的简化版,所以Flex在手,天下我有。


Expanded与Flex的搭配--- [更新于2019.1.22]

还要一点是关于Expanded,也比较保用,它能与Flex布局结合,变更孩子尺寸

c1:绿色  c2:红色  c3:黄色
1).Expanded--c2:c1和c3将不变,c2延伸自己占满剩余部分
2).同时Expanded--c2和c3,最终c2和c3的长度是一样的
3).同时Expanded--c1,c2和c3,最终c1,c2,c3长度都是一样的

expaned.png


结语

本文到此接近尾声了,如果想快速尝鲜Flutter,《Flutter七日》会是你的必备佳品;如果想细细探究它,那就跟随我的脚步,完成一次Flutter之旅。
另外本人有一个Flutter微信交流群,欢迎小伙伴加入,共同探讨Flutter的问题,本人微信号:zdl1994328,期待与你的交流与切磋。