Flutter与原生通信的一切

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Flutter与原生通信的一切

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简介

Flutter与原生之间的通信依赖灵活的消息传递方式:

  • 应用的Flutter部分通过平台通道(platform channel)将消息发送到其应用程序的所在的宿主(iOS或Android)应用(原生应用)。
  • 宿主监听平台通道,并接收该消息。然后它会调用该平台的API,并将响应发送回客户端,即应用程序的Flutter部分。
  1. MethodChannel // Flutter与原生方法相互调用,用于方法掉用
  2. BasicMessageChannel // Flutter与原生相互发送消息,用于数据传递
  3. EventChannel // 原生发送消息,Flutter接收,用于数据流通信

可以传递的数据结构

Dart Android iOS
null null nil(NSNull when nested)
bool Java.lang.Boolean NSNumber numberWithBool:
int Java.lang.Integer NSNumber numberWithInt:
int, if 32 bits not enough Java.lang.Long NSNumber numberWithLong:
int, if 64 bits not enough Java.lang.BigInteger FlutterStandardBigInteger
double Java.lang.Double NSNumber numberWithDouble
String java.lang.String NSString
Unit8List byte[] FlutterStandardTypedData typedDataWithBytes:
Int32List int[] FlutterStandardTypedData typedDataWithInt32:
Int64List long[] FlutterStandardTypedData typedDataWithInt64:
Float64List double[] FlutterStandardTypedData typedDataWithFloat64:
List Java.util.ArrayList NSArray
Map Java.util.HashMap NSDictionary

MethodChannel(互相调用方法)

Android调用Flutter方法:

Android:

  1. 初始化MethodChannel
//初始化,传递1. flutterView(MainActivity中getFlutter获取),2. name常量,Flutter中使用同名常量
MethodChannel methodChannel = new MethodChannel(flutterView, “testflutter”);
  1. 调用Flutter方法
private void invokeFlutterMethod() {
  if (this.mMethodChannel != null) {
    this.mMethodChannel.invokeMethod("flutterMethod", "native参数", new MethodChannel.Result() {
      @Override
      public void success(Object o) {
        Toast.makeText(mContext, o.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
      }
      @Override
      public void error(String s, String s1, Object o) {
      }
      @Override
      public void notImplemented() {
      }
    });
  }
}

通过MethodChannel调用invokeMethod("方法名","传递参数",[Flutter返回参数回调,非必须]);

Flutter:

  1. 初始化MethodChannel
static const methodChannel = const MethodChannel('testflutter');
  1. 添加处理方法到MethodChannel
methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler(_addNativeMethod);
  1. 处理android调用的方法,根据方法名
Future<dynamic> _addNativeMethod(MethodCall methodCall) async {
  switch (methodCall.method) {
    case 'flutterMethod':
      setState(() {
        _calledFromNative = 'flutter method called from native with param ' + methodCall.arguments;
      });
      return 'flutter method called from native with param ' + methodCall.arguments;
      break;
  }
}
//其中,return返回的数据在Android的回调中接收

Flutter调用Android方法:

Android:

  1. 初始化MethodChannel,并添加自定义plugin
MethodChannel methodChannel = new MethodChannel(flutterView, METHOD_CHANNEL);
methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler(plugin);
  1. 自定义的plugin实现MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler接口的onMethodCall方法
@Override
public void onMethodCall(MethodCall methodCall, MethodChannel.Result result) {
  // Flutter调用Native的方法
  if (methodCall.method.equals("getBatteryLevel")) {
    int batteryLevel = getBatteryLevel();
    if (batteryLevel != -1) {
      result.success(batteryLevel);
    } else {
      result.error("UNAVALIABLE", "battery level unavaliable", null);
    }
  } else {
    result.notImplemented();
  }
}
//在onMethodCall中监听Flutter调用什么名字的方法(此处getBatterLevel),通过result返回方法的执行结果。

Flutter:

  1. 初始化MethodChannel
static const methodChannel = const MethodChannel('testflutter');
  1. 调用Android的方法,接收返回数据
//方法通道的方法是异步的
Future<Null> _getBatteryLevel() async {
  String batteryLevel;
  try {
    final int result = await methodChannel.invokeMethod('getBatteryLevel');
    batteryLevel = 'Battery level $result .';
  } on PlatformException catch (e) {
    batteryLevel = 'Battery level unknown ${e.message}';
  }  
  setState(() {
    _batteryLevel = batteryLevel;
  });
}

BasicMessageChannel(互相发送消息)

Android给Flutter发消息:

Android:

  1. 初始化BasicMethodChannel
BasicMessageChannel messageChannel = new BasicMessageChannel<>(flutterView, "messageChannel", StandardMessageCodec.INSTANCE);
  1. 调用发送消息的方法
private void sendMessageToFlutter() {
  if (this.mBasicMessageChannel != null) {
    this.mBasicMessageChannel.send("Message From Native");
  }
}

Flutter:

  1. 初始化BasicMessageChannel
static const basicMessageChannel = BasicMessageChannel('messageChannel', StandardMessageCodec());
  1. 添加接收信息处理方法
void _listenMessageFromNative() {
  basicMessageChannel.setMessageHandler(_receiveMessageFromNative);
}
  1. 处理接收的数据
//Flutter接收Native发来的消息
Future<dynamic> _receiveMessageFromNative(Object result) async {
  setState(() {
    _messageFromNative = result.toString();
  });
}

Flutter给Android发消息:

Android:

  1. 初始化BasicMessageChannel并添加plugin给handler
BasicMessageChannel messageChannel = new BasicMessageChannel<>(flutterView, "messageChannel", StandardMessageCodec.INSTANCE);
messageChannel.setMessageHandler(plugin);
  1. plugin实现BasicMessageChannel.MessageHandler接口的onMessage方法,处理接收到的信息
@Override
public void onMessage(Object o, BasicMessageChannel.Reply reply) {
  Toast.makeText(mContext, o.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  reply.reply(o.toString()+" back from native");
}
//reply返回数据给Flutter

Flutter:

  1. 初始化BasicMessageChannel
static const basicMessageChannel = BasicMessageChannel('messageChannel', StandardMessageCodec());
  1. 发送消息给Android并接收返回数据
Future<dynamic> _sendMessageToNative(String message) async {
  String reply = await basicMessageChannel.send(message);
  print(reply);
  setState(() {
    _replayFromNative = reply;
  });
  return reply;
}

EventChannel(原生发送消息,Flutter接收)

Android:

  1. 初始化EventChannel并添加plugin给handler
EventChannel eventChannel = new EventChannel(flutterView, EVENT_CHANNEL);
eventChannel.setStreamHandler(plugin);
  1. plugin实现EventChannel.StreamHandler接口及onListen、onCancel方法
  2. 在onListen中通过EventChannel.EventShink的实例发消息给Flutter
@Override
public void onListen(Object o, EventChannel.EventSink eventSink) {
  BroadcastReceiver chargingBroadcastReceiver = createChargingBroadcaseReceiver(eventSink);
  mContext.registerReceiver(chargingBroadcastReceiver,new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED));
}
@Override
public void onCancel(Object o) {
}
private BroadcastReceiver createChargingBroadcaseReceiver(EventChannel.EventSink eventSink) {
  return new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      int status = intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_STATUS, -1);
      if (status == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_UNKNOWN) {
        eventSink.error("UNAVALIABLE", "charging status is unavailable", null);
      } else {
        boolean isCharging = status == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING;
        eventSink.success(isCharging ? "charging" : "disCharging");
      }
    }
  };
}

Flutter:

  1. 初始化EventChannel
static const _eventChannel = const EventChannel('charging');
  1. 添加接收数据方法
void listenNativeEvent() {
  _eventChannel.receiveBroadcastStream().listen(_onEvent, onError: _onError);
}
//接收返回的数据
void _onEvent(Object object) {
  String s = "Battery is ${object == 'charging' ? '' : 'dis'}Charging";
  setState(() {
    _batteryStatus = s;
  });
}

桥接View给Flutter使用

Android:

  1. 自定义View,继承自PlatformView
public class MyTextview implements PlatformView {
  TextView t;
  public MyTextview(Context context, MessageCodec<Object> messenger, int id, Map<String, Object> params){
    TextView textView = new TextView(context);
    //获取参数,是否有传递参数过来
    if (params.containsKey("text")){
      textView.setText(params.get("text").toString());
    }
    this.t = textView;
  }
  @Override
  public View getView() {
    return t;
  }
  
  @Override
  public void dispose() {
  }
}
  1. 实现PlatformViewFactory
public class TextViewFactory extends PlatformViewFactory {
  private MessageCodec<Object> messageCodec;
  public TextViewFactory(MessageCodec<Object> createArgsCodec) {
    super(createArgsCodec);
    this.messageCodec = createArgsCodec;
  }
  
  @Override
  public PlatformView create(Context context, int i, Object o) {
    return new MyTextview(context, messageCodec, i, (Map<String, Object>) o);
  }
}
  1. 注册View给Flutter使用
registrar.platformViewRegistry().registerViewFactory("TextView", new TextViewFactory(new StandardMessageCodec()));
//起名叫TextView,给Flutter用做viewType

Flutter:

  1. 使用桥接的View
AndroidView(
  viewType: 'TextView',
  creationParams: {'text': 'TTTeeeXXXttt'},
  creationParamsCodec: new StandardMessageCodec(),
),//其中creationParams,creationParamsCodec必须同时存在或不存在

以上,正文结束;

官方还有一些其他建议

发布pub使用:

  1. Hosted packages(发布到pub.dartlang.org)

    $flutter packages pub publish --dry-run
    $flutter packages pub publish
    

    在yaml文件和其他dependencies一样使用。

  2. Git packages(远端)

    代码上传到Git,并打一个tag

    yaml文件引用

    dependencies:
    	flutter_remote_package:
    		git:
    			url: git@gitlab....
    			ref: 0.0.1 //可以是commit、branch、tag
    
  3. 本地

    在Flutter App根目录下创建plugins文件夹,把插件移动到plugins下。

    dependencies:
    	flutter_plugin_batterylevel:
    		path: plugins/flutter_plugin_batterylevel
    

    以上限于在创建工程的时候,使用的是plugins创建的,有时候会在自己的Android或iOS工程内部开发,就不这么方便分离发布了。

有时候需要到UI thread执行channelMethod,在Android上需要post一个Runnable到Android UI线程。

new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(new Runnable() {
  @Override
  public void run(){
    // call the desired channel message here.
  }
})
  1. 所谓的“传View”的本质是传递纹理ID,我们只需要明白Flutter是通过Presentation实现了外接纹理,在创建Presentation时,传入FlutterView对应的Context和创建出来的一个虚拟显示屏对象,使得Flutter可以直接通过ID找到并使用Native创建出来的纹理数据。

  2. 事件处理,从Native传递到Flutter这一阶段Flutter按照自己的规则处理事件,如果AndroidView获取到了事件,事件会被封装成相应的Native端的事件通过方法通道传回Native,Native再处理事件。

    对于可能出现的滑动时间冲突,可以参考官方注释:

    /// For example, with the following setup vertical drags will not be dispatched to the Android view as the vertical drag gesture is claimed by the parent [GestureDetector].
    /// 
    /// GestureDetector(
    ///   onVerticalDragStart: (DragStartDetails d) {},
    ///   child: AndroidView(
    ///     viewType: 'webview',
    ///     gestureRecognizers: <OneSequenceGestureRecognizer>[],
    ///   ),
    /// )
    /// 
    /// To get the [AndroidView] to claim the vertical drag gestures we can pass a vertical drag gesture recognizer in [gestureRecognizers] e.g:
    /// 
    /// GestureDetector(
    ///   onVerticalDragStart: (DragStartDetails d) {},
    ///   child: SizedBox(
    ///     width: 200.0,
    ///     height: 100.0,
    ///     child: AndroidView(
    ///       viewType: 'webview',
    ///       gestureRecognizers: <OneSequenceGestureRecognizer>[new VerticalDragGestureRecognizer()],
    ///     ),
    ///   ),
    /// )
    

    [github]github.com/damengzai/f…

参考:

在Flutter中嵌入Native组件的正确姿势是... ——闲鱼技术