《NodeJS入门》构建基础IPO代码步骤

237 阅读4分钟

详细内容请看:《NodeJS入门》阅读笔记记录 By Giria

1. 一个基础的HTTP服务器

//server.js
var http = require("http");

http.createServer(function(request, response) {
  response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
  response.write("Hello World");
  response.end();
}).listen(8888);

2. HTTP服务器模块封装至index.js中

//server.js
var http = require("http");
function start(){
    function onRequest(request, response){
        console.log("Request received.");
        response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
        response.write("Hello World");
        response.end();
    }
    http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8888);
    console.log("Server has started.");
}
exports.start = start;
//index.js
var server = require("./server");

server.start();

3. 增加找出浏览器请求的URL路径功能

var http = require("http");
var url = require("url");

function start() {
  function onRequest(request, response) {
    var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
    console.log("Request for " + pathname + " received.");
    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
    response.write("Hello World");
    response.end();
  }

  http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8888);
  console.log("Server has started.");
}

exports.start = start;

4. 通过请求的URL路径来区别不同请求

将路由函数作为参数传递进去

//server.js
var http = require("http");
var url = require("url");

function start(route) {
  function onRequest(request, response) {
    var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
    console.log("Request for " + pathname + " received.");

    route(pathname);

    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
    response.write("Hello World");
    response.end();
  }

  http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8888);
  console.log("Server has started.");
}

exports.start = start;
//route.js
function route(pathname) {
  console.log("About to route a request for " + pathname);
}

exports.route = route;
//index.js
var server = require("./server");
var router = require("./router");

server.start(router.route);

5. 针对不同的URL有不同的处理方式。

//requestHandler.js
function start() {
  console.log("Request handler 'start' was called.");
}

function upload() {
  console.log("Request handler 'upload' was called.");
}

exports.start = start;
exports.upload = upload;
//index.js
var server = require("./server");
var router = require("./router");
var requestHandlers = require("./requestHandlers");

var handle = {}
handle["/"] = requestHandlers.start;
handle["/start"] = requestHandlers.start;
handle["/upload"] = requestHandlers.upload;

server.start(router.route, handle);
//server.js
var http = require("http");
var url = require("url");

function start(route, handle) {
  function onRequest(request, response) {
    var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
    console.log("Request for " + pathname + " received.");

    route(handle, pathname);

    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
    response.write("Hello World");
    response.end();
  }

  http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8888);
  console.log("Server has started.");
}

exports.start = start;
//route.js
function route(handle, pathname) {
  console.log("About to route a request for " + pathname);
  if (typeof handle[pathname] === 'function') {
    handle[pathname]();
  } else {
    console.log("No request handler found for " + pathname);
  }
}

exports.route = route;

6.以非阻塞操作进行请求响应

传递response对象,并将onRequest()处理程序中所有有关response的函数处理都交给route()来做

//server.js
var http = require("http");
var url = require("url");

function start(route, handle) {
  function onRequest(request, response) {
    var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
    console.log("Request for " + pathname + " received.");

    route(handle, pathname, response);
  }

  http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8888);
  console.log("Server has started.");
}

exports.start = start;
//route.js
function route(handle, pathname, response) {
  console.log("About to route a request for " + pathname);
  if (typeof handle[pathname] === 'function') {
    handle[pathname](response);
  } else {
    console.log("No request handler found for " + pathname);
    response.writeHead(404, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
    response.write("404 Not found");
    response.end();
  }
}

exports.route = route;
//requestHandler.js
var exec = require("child_process").exec;

function start(response) {
  console.log("Request handler 'start' was called.");

  exec("ls -lah", function (error, stdout, stderr) {
    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
    response.write(stdout);
    response.end();
  });
}

function upload(response) {
  console.log("Request handler 'upload' was called.");
  response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
  response.write("Hello Upload");
  response.end();
}

exports.start = start;
exports.upload = upload;

7. 显示一个文本区供用户输入内容

然后通过POST请求提交给服务器。

//requestHandler.js
function start(response) {
  console.log("Request handler 'start' was called.");

  var body = '<html>'+
    '<head>'+
    '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; '+
    'charset=UTF-8" />'+
    '</head>'+
    '<body>'+
    '<form action="/upload" method="post">'+
    '<textarea name="text" rows="20" cols="60"></textarea>'+
    '<input type="submit" value="Submit text" />'+
    '</form>'+
    '</body>'+
    '</html>';

    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
    response.write(body);
    response.end();
}

function upload(response) {
  console.log("Request handler 'upload' was called.");
  response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
  response.write("Hello Upload");
  response.end();
}

exports.start = start;
exports.upload = upload;

8. 获取所有来自请求的数据

在服务器中处理POST数据,然后将最终的数据传递给请求路由和请求处理器,让他们来进行进一步的处理。在upload页面展示内容。在requestHandlers.js中,我们将数据包含在对upload请求的响应中。

//server.js
var http = require("http");
var url = require("url");

function start(route, handle) {
  function onRequest(request, response) {
    var postData = "";
    var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
    console.log("Request for " + pathname + " received.");

    request.setEncoding("utf8");

    request.addListener("data", function(postDataChunk) {
      postData += postDataChunk;
      console.log("Received POST data chunk '"+
      postDataChunk + "'.");
    });

    request.addListener("end", function() {
      route(handle, pathname, response, postData);
    });

  }

  http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8888);
  console.log("Server has started.");
}

exports.start = start;
//route.js 在upload页面展示
function route(handle, pathname, response, postData) {
  console.log("About to route a request for " + pathname);
  if (typeof handle[pathname] === 'function') {
    handle[pathname](response, postData);
  } else {
    console.log("No request handler found for " + pathname);
    response.writeHead(404, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
    response.write("404 Not found");
    response.end();
  }
}

exports.route = route;
//requestHandler.js
function start(response, postData) {
  console.log("Request handler 'start' was called.");

  var body = '<html>'+
    '<head>'+
    '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; '+
    'charset=UTF-8" />'+
    '</head>'+
    '<body>'+
    '<form action="/upload" method="post">'+
    '<textarea name="text" rows="20" cols="60"></textarea>'+
    '<input type="submit" value="Submit text" />'+
    '</form>'+
    '</body>'+
    '</html>';

    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
    response.write(body);
    response.end();
}

function upload(response, postData) {
  console.log("Request handler 'upload' was called.");
  response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
  response.write("You've sent: " + postData);
    //  response.write("You've sent the text: "+ querystring.parse(postData).text); 文本格式处理
  response.end();
}

exports.start = start;
exports.upload = upload;

9. 将文件*/tmp/test.png*内容展示到浏览器中

添加*/show*URL的请求处理程序进行直接硬编码

//requestHandler.js
var querystring = require("querystring"),
    fs = require("fs");

function start(response, postData) {
  console.log("Request handler 'start' was called.");

  var body = '<html>'+
    '<head>'+
    '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" '+
    'content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />'+
    '</head>'+
    '<body>'+
    '<form action="/upload" method="post">'+
    '<textarea name="text" rows="20" cols="60"></textarea>'+
    '<input type="submit" value="Submit text" />'+
    '</form>'+
    '</body>'+
    '</html>';

    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
    response.write(body);
    response.end();
}

function upload(response, postData) {
  console.log("Request handler 'upload' was called.");
  response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
  response.write("You've sent the text: "+
  querystring.parse(postData).text);
  response.end();
}

function show(response, postData) {
  console.log("Request handler 'show' was called.");
  fs.readFile("/tmp/test.png", "binary", function(error, file) {
    if(error) {
      response.writeHead(500, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
      response.write(error + "\n");
      response.end();
    } else {
      response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "image/png"});
      response.write(file, "binary");
      response.end();
    }
  });
}

exports.start = start;
exports.upload = upload;
exports.show = show;
//index.js
var server = require("./server");
var router = require("./router");
var requestHandlers = require("./requestHandlers");

var handle = {}
handle["/"] = requestHandlers.start;
handle["/start"] = requestHandlers.start;
handle["/upload"] = requestHandlers.upload;
handle["/show"] = requestHandlers.show;

server.start(router.route, handle);

10.完成上传文件

在*/start表单中添加一个文件上传元素;将node-formidable整合到我们的upload请求处理程序中,用于将上传的图片保存到/tmp/test.png*;将上传的图片内嵌到*/uploadURL输出的HTML中。将request*对象从服务器开始一路通过请求路由,再传递给请求处理程序

//server.js
var http = require("http");
var url = require("url");

function start(route, handle) {
  function onRequest(request, response) {
    var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
    console.log("Request for " + pathname + " received.");
    route(handle, pathname, response, request);
  }

  http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8888);
  console.log("Server has started.");
}

exports.start = start;
//route.js
function route(handle, pathname, response, request) {
  console.log("About to route a request for " + pathname);
  if (typeof handle[pathname] === 'function') {
    handle[pathname](response, request);
  } else {
    console.log("No request handler found for " + pathname);
    response.writeHead(404, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
    response.write("404 Not found");
    response.end();
  }
}

exports.route = route;
//requestHandler.js
var querystring = require("querystring"),
    fs = require("fs"),
    formidable = require("formidable");

function start(response) {
  console.log("Request handler 'start' was called.");

  var body = '<html>'+
    '<head>'+
    '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; '+
    'charset=UTF-8" />'+
    '</head>'+
    '<body>'+
    '<form action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" '+
    'method="post">'+
    '<input type="file" name="upload" multiple="multiple">'+
    '<input type="submit" value="Upload file" />'+
    '</form>'+
    '</body>'+
    '</html>';

    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
    response.write(body);
    response.end();
}

function upload(response, request) {
  console.log("Request handler 'upload' was called.");

  var form = new formidable.IncomingForm();
  console.log("about to parse");
  form.parse(request, function(error, fields, files) {
    console.log("parsing done");
    fs.renameSync(files.upload.path, "/tmp/test.png");
    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
    response.write("received image:<br/>");
    response.write("<img src='/show' />");
    response.end();
  });
}

function show(response) {
  console.log("Request handler 'show' was called.");
  fs.readFile("/tmp/test.png", "binary", function(error, file) {
    if(error) {
      response.writeHead(500, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
      response.write(error + "\n");
      response.end();
    } else {
      response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "image/png"});
      response.write(file, "binary");
      response.end();
    }
  });
}

exports.start = start;
exports.upload = upload;
exports.show = show;