环境准备

创建QQ互联应用

创建一个QQ互联应用，并获取到App ID和App Key。

QQ互联官网：https://connect.qq.com/

开发文档：https://wiki.connect.qq.com/

创建应用模块

创建一个新的应用oauth，用来实现QQ第三方认证登录的代码编写。

python manage.py startapp oauth

在settings.py中注册应用

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # 'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'apps.user',
    'apps.oauth',
]

在settings.py同级目录下的urls.py设置路由

url(r'^', include('apps.oauth.urls',namespace='oauth')),

定义QQ登录模型类

在oauth/models.py中定义QQ身份（openid）与用户模型类User的关联关系

from django.db import models

class OAuthQQUser():
    """QQ登录用户"""
    user = models.ForeignKey('user.User', on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='用户')
    openid = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='openid', db_index=True)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="创建时间")
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name="更新时间")

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_oauth_qq'
        verbose_name = 'QQ登录用户'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

执行迁移

执行迁移操作，生成QQ登录模型类对应的数据库表

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

QQLoginTool库

腾讯QQ互联平台没有Python SDK，但是可以使用第三方封装好的SDK包，QQLoginTool是一个第三方库，封装了对接QQ互联的请求操作，可用于快速实现QQ登录的一种工具包。

安装QQLoginTool

pip install QQLoginTool

API使用说明

导入

from QQLoginTool.QQtool import OAuthQQ

初始化OAuthQQ对象

oauth = OAuthQQ(client_id=settings.QQ_CLIENT_ID, client_secret=settings.QQ_CLIENT_SECRET, redirect_uri=settings.QQ_REDIRECT_URI, state=next)

获取QQ登录扫码页面，扫码后得到Authorization Code

login_url = oauth.get_qq_url()

通过Authorization Code获取Access Token

access_token = oauth.get_access_token(code)

通过Access Token获取OpenID

openid = oauth.get_open_id(access_token)

在settings.py配置QQ登录参数

QQ_CLIENT_ID = '1020343878'
QQ_CLIENT_SECRET = 'Yu4123456LG0Yw53o'
QQ_REDIRECT_URI = 'https://abc.com/oauth/callback'

QQ登录扫码页面

from django.urls import re_path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'^qq/login/$', views.QQAuthURLView.as_view()),
]

from QQLoginTool.QQtool import OAuthQQ
from django import http
from django.conf import settings
from django.views import View

from utils.response_code import RETCODE

"""
提供QQ登录页面网址
https://graph.qq.com/oauth2.0/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=xxx&redirect_uri=xxx&state=xxx
"""
class QQAuthURLView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        # next: 从哪个页面进入到的登录页面，登录成功后自动回到那个页面
        next = request.GET.get('next')

        # 获取QQ登录页面网址
        oauth = OAuthQQ(client_id=settings.QQ_CLIENT_ID, client_secret=settings.QQ_CLIENT_SECRET,
                        redirect_uri=settings.QQ_REDIRECT_URI, state=next)
        login_url = oauth.get_qq_url()

        return http.JsonResponse({'code': 200 , 'msg': 'OK', 'login_url': login_url})

认证获取openid

1.用户在QQ登录成功后，QQ会将用户重定向到配置的回调网址，同时会传递一个Authorization Code

2.拿到Authorization Code并完成OAuth2.0认证获取openid

注意：回调网址在申请QQ登录开发资质时进行配置，如：www.abc.com/oauth/callb…

from django.urls import re_path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'^oauth/callback/$', views.QQAuthUserView.as_view()),
]

使用code向QQ服务器请求，获取access_token

使用access_token向QQ服务器请求获取openid

"""用户扫码登录的回调处理"""
class QQAuthUserView(View):

    def get(self, request):
        """Oauth2.0认证"""
        # 提取code请求参数
        code = request.GET.get('code')
        if not code:
            return http.HttpResponseBadRequest('缺少code')

        # 创建oauth 对象
        oauth = OAuthQQ(client_id=settings.QQ_CLIENT_ID, client_secret=settings.QQ_CLIENT_SECRET,
                        redirect_uri=settings.QQ_REDIRECT_URI)

        try:
            # 使用code向QQ服务器请求access_token
            access_token = oauth.get_access_token(code)

            # 使用access_token向QQ服务器请求openid
            openid = oauth.get_open_id(access_token)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(e)
            return http.HttpResponseServerError('OAuth2.0认证失败')
        pass

openid的判断处理

openid是否绑定过用户

判断openid是否绑定过用户，只需要使用openid查询该QQ用户是否绑定过用户即可。

oauth_user = OAuthQQUser.objects.get(openid=openid)

openid已绑定用户

如果openid已绑定用户，直接生成状态保持信息，登录成功，并重定向到首页。

try:
    oauth_user = OAuthQQUser.objects.get(openid=openid)
except OAuthQQUser.DoesNotExist:
    # 如果openid没绑定用户
    pass
else:
    # 如果openid已绑定用户,实现状态保持
    qq_user = oauth_user.user
    login(request, qq_user)

    # 响应结果
    next = request.GET.get('state')
    response = redirect(next)

    # 登录时用户名写入到cookie，有效期15天
    response.set_cookie('username', qq_user.username, max_age=3600 * 24 * 15)

    return response

openid未绑定用户

openid属于用户隐私信息，在后续的绑定用户操作中前端会使用openid，因此需要将openid签名处理，避免暴露。

try:
    oauth_user = OAuthQQUser.objects.get(openid=openid)
except OAuthQQUser.DoesNotExist:
    # 如果openid没绑定用户 generate_eccess_token：对openid签名
    access_token = generate_eccess_token(openid)
    context = {'access_token': access_token}
    return render(request, 'oauthCallback.html', context)
else:
    qq_user = oauth_user.user
    login(request, qq_user)
    response = redirect(reverse('contents:index'))
    response.set_cookie('username', qq_user.username, max_age=3600 * 24 * 15)
    return response

oauthCallback.html中渲染access_token

<input type="hidden" name="access_token" value="{{ access_token }}">

openid签名处理

签名处理可以使用itsdangerous库，它是一个用于Python语言的库，提供了一些安全传输数据的工具类。其主要功能是在保证数据安全性的前提下，生成认证令牌、时间限制的令牌和加密/解密数据信息等。

安装itsdangerous

pip install itsdangerous

使用TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer可以生成带有有效期的token

from itsdangerous import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer as Serializer
from django.conf import settings

# serializer = Serializer(秘钥, 有效期秒)
serializer = Serializer(settings.SECRET_KEY, 300)
# serializer.dumps(数据), 返回bytes类型
token = serializer.dumps({'mobile': '18381234567'})
token = token.decode()

# 检验token
# 验证失败，会抛出itsdangerous.BadData异常
serializer = Serializer(settings.SECRET_KEY, 300)
try:
    data = serializer.loads(token)
except BadData:
    return None

生成openid签名与校验

from itsdangerous import BadData
from itsdangerous import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer as Serializer
from django.conf import settings


def generate_eccess_token(openid):
    """
    对openid签名
    :param openid: 用户openid
    """
    serializer = Serializer(settings.SECRET_KEY, expires_in=3600)
    data = {'openid': openid}
    token = serializer.dumps(data)
    return token.decode()

def check_access_token(access_token):
    """
    提取openid
    :param access_token: 签名后的openid
    """
    serializer = Serializer(settings.SECRET_KEY, expires_in=3600)
    try:
        data = serializer.loads(access_token)
    except BadData:
        return None
    else:
        return data.get('openid')

openid绑定用户

openid绑定用户的过程类似于用户注册的业务逻辑

class QQAuthUserView(View):
    """用户扫码登录的回调处理"""

    def get(self, request):
        """Oauth2.0认证"""
        ......

    def post(self, request):
        """用户绑定openid"""
        # 接收参数
        mobile = request.POST.get('mobile')
        password= request.POST.get('password')
        sms_code_client = request.POST.get('sms_code')
        access_token = request.POST.get('access_token')

        # 判断参数是否齐全
        if not all([mobile, password, sms_code_client]):
            return http.HttpResponseBadRequest('缺少必传参数')
            
        # 判断手机号是否合法
        if not re.match(r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$', mobile):
            return http.HttpResponseBadRequest('请输入正确的手机号码')
            
        # 判断密码是否合格
        if not re.match(r'^[0-9A-Za-z]{8,20}$', password):
            return http.HttpResponseBadRequest('请输入8-20位的密码')
            
        # 判断短信验证码是否一致
        redis_conn = get_redis_connection('code')
        sms_code_server = redis_conn.get('sms_%s' % mobile)
        if sms_code_server is None:
            return render(request, 'oauthCallback.html', {'msg': '无效的短信验证码'})
        if sms_code_client != sms_code_server.decode():
            return render(request, 'oauthCallback.html', {'msg': '输入短信验证码有误'})
            
        # 判断openid是否有效
        openid = check_access_token(access_token)
        if not openid:
            return render(request, 'oauthCallback.html', {'msg': '无效的openid'})

        # 保存注册数据
        try:
            user = User.objects.get(mobile=mobile)
        except User.DoesNotExist:
            # 用户不存在,新建用户
            user = User.objects.create_user(username=mobile, password=password, mobile=mobile)
        else:
            # 如果用户存在，检查用户密码
            if not user.check_password(password):
                return render(request, 'oauthCallback.html', {'msg': '用户名或密码错误'})

        # 将用户绑定openid
        try:
            OAuthQQUser.objects.create(openid=openid, user=user)
        except DatabaseError:
            return render(request, 'oauthCallback.html', {'msg': 'QQ登录失败'})

        # 实现状态保持
        login(request, user)

        # 响应绑定结果
        next = request.GET.get('state')
        response = redirect(next)

        # 登录时用户名写入到cookie，有效期15天
        response.set_cookie('username', user.username, max_age=3600 * 24 * 15)

        return response